A Long Way Gone Essay

Abby Leavengood HWL P. 5 9-26-12 A Long Way Gone Essay In Ismael Beah’s A Long Way Gone, violence and child soldier’s struggles is a major and common point. These passages were heart wrenching and difficult to get through. Beah went through a lot of hard times but he survived and pulled through with incredible strength and courage, even when that was not an easy thing to even think about doing. I believe that even though violence is an awful thing that no child should have to endure, I learned a lot through Beah’s awful experiences including war’s injustices and the importance of hope and courage.Ishmael Beah discovered that the only way he could continue on and stay remotely strong was through the use of drugs. I was able to understand that well not through my own experiences of course, but because I cannot imagine any other way of making it through those situations. Taking some form of drug to change your state of mind and allow you to zone out from your surroundings seems like a somewhat logical solution to enduring war as a 15 year old boy. I also learned how impossible it would be to not be addicted to these drugs and how painful the recovery process would be.Through Beah’s book, I also learned that the recovery process of some traumatic experiences can be a living hell. Breaking his drug addiction, learning to trust people again and stopping his persistent nightmares were not easy tasks. I am thankful for people like Ester and the other nurses for having a strong heart and will to help young people with these conditions. Child rehabilitation centers are truly amazing facilities. Dealing with children who have suffered severe, life altering, mental damage must be heart breaking and challenging.I admire the staff and especially Ishmael Beah for their persistence to not give up and their amazing courage. Finally, through Beah’s memoir, I learned that hope and courage can always shine through even the most challenging situations. Beah, who did not want to fight, held his courage throughout the war and never gave up hope, even when it seemed impossible to find anything positive. Ishmael continued on throughout his daily and impeccably challenging life. Yet, hope was there. It shines though all evil and hardships. I truly admire his courage. A Long Way Gone was an enormously inspirational novel.All of Beah’s violent experiences taught his readers about the effects of harsh war, injustice, the world outside of our own happy towns and most importantly the true power of hope and courage. He spoke eloquently and told the truth without sheltering his readers. I think my own personal gain from this book is quite amazing. Wars in small countries like Sierra Leone are not often talked about in the United States. So learning about them is an eye opening and valuable experience. Beah’s book teaches many prized lessons and shares exceptional insight into the world around us.

Ayurvedic Medicine Essay

Ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s oldest medical practices. It is also called Ayurveda and means â€Å"the science of life† (Cherry and Jacob, pp239, para 5). This practice originated in India and is now world known. Ayurveda’s goal is to â€Å"integrate and balance the body, mind, and spirit† (Ayurvedic Medicine, para 2). This practice is uses a variety of products and techniques such as herbal remedies, massage, meditation, breathing exercises and special foods to help cleanse the body and attempt to restore balance. This is believed to prevent illness and maintain wellness. Before using this therapy, you must first consult your healthcare provider because certain herbs have various side effects and may counteract with certain medications. Some view these practices as holistic medicine, however in the United States, it is viewed as a CAM and a whole medical system. It is believed that a person’s chances of developing certain diseases depends on the way doshas, which are â€Å"distinct metabolic body types† (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, para 1), are balanced, their mental and physical wellbeing and lifestyles. There are three types of doshas. 1. Vata, which are unpredictable, hyperactive, impulsive, slender, prone to insomnia, have fluctuating energy levels, cramps, and constipation. 2. Pitta, which are predictable, efficient, perfectionist, passionate, short-tempered, prone to heavy perspiration, medium build, have acne, ulcers, and stomach problems. 3. Kapha, which are relaxed, affectionate, forgiving, sleeps long and deeply, have a tendency toward procrastination, obese, have high cholesterol, allergies and sinusitis (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, table 11-1). The treatment process depends on the body type a patient possesses and may include using any of the following techniques: cleansing, detoxification, palliation, rejuvenation through special herbs and minerals, mental hygiene and spiritual healing (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240 para 2). Another goal to Ayurveda is to promote spiritual healing and remove oneself from negative situations to aid in mental nurturing. Some therapies that are currently approved for Ayurveda usage include a herbal remedy curcuminoid from turmeric used in cardiovascular conditions, cowhedge plant compounds used to lessen the side effects of Parkinson’s disease drugs, ginger, turmeric and  boswellia used in inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and the herb gotu kola to treat Alzheimer’s disease (NCCAM-Funded Research, para 1) . There is no process for certifying or licensing Ayurvedic practitioners currently (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, para 3). However, many practitioners study in India where training may take up to 5 years to complete. After graduating, these practitioners may choose to provide care in the United States. Although there are no national standard for training in the US for Ayurveda, a few states have approved these schools as educational institutions (Practioner Training and Education, para 1). To locate qualified practitioners, you may visit the website www.ayurveda.com or http://ayurvedanama.org/find-practitioner/. Or for general information on Ayurvedic medical practice, you may visit www. nccam.nih.gov. REFERENCES Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction, 2009 July, retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm, on August 4 2012. Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. R. (2011). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, and management. (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby, Chapter 11, pp 239-240.

Good will definition Essay

An account that can be found in the assets portion of a company’s balance sheet. Goodwill can often arise when one company is purchased by another company. In an acquisition, the amount paid for the company over book value usually accounts for the target firm’s intangible assets. Goodwill is seen as an intangible asset on the balance sheet because it is not a physical asset like buildings or equipment. Goodwill typically reflects the value of intangible assets such as a strong brand name, good customer relations, good employee relations and any patents or proprietary technology. Method: There are three methods of valuation of goodwill of the firm; 1. Average Profits Method 2. Super Profits Method 3. Capitalisation Method 1. Average Profits Method: This method of goodwill valuation takes the average profit of previous years as its basis. This average profit is multiplied by the number of purchases made in that year. Goodwill = Average Profit x Number of Purchases in the year Before calculating the average profits the following adjustments should be made in the profits of the firm: a. Any abnormal profits should be deducted from the net profits of that year. b. Any abnormal loss should be added back to the net profits of that year. c. Non-operating incomes eg. Income from investments etc should be deducted from the net profits of that year. Example: An Ltd agreed to buy the business of B Ltd. For that purpose Goodwill is to be valued at three years purchase of Average Profits of last five years. The profits of B Ltd. for the last five years are: Year| Profit/Loss ($)| 2005 | 10,000,000| 2006| 12,250,000| 2007| 7,450,000| 2008| 2,450,000 (Loss)| 2009| 12,400,000| Following additional information is available: 1. In the year 2008 the company suffered a loss of $1,000,500 due to fire in the factory. 2. In the year 2009 the company earned an income from investments outside the business $ 4,500,250. Solution: Total profits earned in the past five years= 10,000,000 + 12,250,000 + 7,450,000 – 2,450,000 + 12,400,000 = $ 39,650,000 Total Profits after adjustments = $ 39,650,000 + $ 1,000,500 – $ 4,500,250=$ 36,150,250 Average Profits= $ 36,150,250à ·5=$ 7,230,050 Goodwill = $ 7,230,050Ãâ€"3=$ 21,690,150 Thus A Ltd would pay $ 21,690,150 as the price of Goodwill earned by B Ltd. 2. Super profits method: Super profit refers to a situation where in the actual profit is higher than what is expected. Under this method, Goodwill = super profit x number of years’ purchase Steps for calculating Goodwill under this method are given below: i) Normal Profits = Capital Invested X Normal rate of return/100 ii) Super Profits = Actual Profits – Normal Profits iii) Goodwill = Super Profits x No. of years purchased For example, the capital employed as shown by the books of ABC Ltd is $ 50,000,000. And the normal rate of return is 10 %. Goodwill is to be calculated on the basis of 3 years purchase of super profits of the last four years. Profits for the last four years are: Year| Profit/Loss ($)| 2005 | 10,000,000| 2006| 12,250,000| 2007| 7,450,000| 2008| 5,400,000| Total profits for the last four years = 10,000,000 + 12,250,000 + 7,450,000 + 5,400,000 = $35,100,000 Average Profits = 35,100,000 / 4 = $ 8,775,000 Normal Profits = 50,000,000 X 10/100 = $ 5,000,000 Super Profits = Average/ Actual Profits − Normal Profits = 8,775,000 − 5,000,000 = $ 3,775,000 Goodwill = 3,775,000 Ãâ€" 3 = $ 11,325,000 3. Capitalisation Method: There are two ways of calculating Goodwill under this method: (i) Capitalisation of Average Profits Method (ii) Capitalisation of Super Profits Method (i) Capitalisation of Average Profits Method: As per this method, Goodwill = Capitalized Value the firm – Net Assets Capitalized Value of the firm = Average Profit x 100/ Normal Rate of Return Net Assets = Total Assets – External Liabilities For example a firm earns $40,000 as its average profits. The normal rate of rteturn is 10%. Total assets of the firm are $1,000,000 and its total external liabilities are $ 500,000. To calculate the amount of goodwill: Total capitalized value of the firm = 40,000 Ãâ€" 100/10 = 400,000 Capital Employed = 1,000,000 − 500,000 = 500,000 Goodwill = 500,000 − 400,000 = 100,000 (ii)Capitalisation of Super Profits: Under this method, goodwill is calculated as: Goodwill = Super Profit x 100/Normal Rate of Return For example ABC Ltd earns a profit of $ 50,000 by employing a capital of $ 200,000, The normal rate of return of a firm is 20%. To calculate Goodwill: Normal Profits = 200,000 Ãâ€" 20/100 =$ 40,000 Super profits = 50,000 − 40,000 = $10,000 Goodwill = 10,000 Ãâ€" 100 / 20 = $50,000 Partial Goodwill Method In the partial goodwill method, goodwill is calculated as the difference between the purchase consideration paid and the acquirer’s share of the fair value of the net identifiable assets. In partial goodwill method, only the acquirer’s share of the goodwill is recognized. Goodwill under full goodwill method exceeds goodwill under partial goodwill method by the non-controlling interest share of the goodwill. Partial goodwill method is not allowed under US GAAP but it is allowed as an option under IFRS (besides the full goodwill method). Goodwill under partial goodwill method differs from goodwill under full goodwill method only in situations in which investment by the acquirer is less than 100%. Example Let’s follow the same example that we discussed in full goodwill method. Company A acquired 75% shareholding in Company B for $20 million. Book value of net identifiable assets of Company B is $14 million. The fair value of Company B’s asset is the same as their book value except accounts receivables which are impaired by $1 million. Book value of assets is $54 million while book value of liabilities is $40 million. The purchase consideration is the cash paid to acquire 75% ownership and it equals $20 million. Fair value of net identifiable assets is $13 million ($54 million book value minus $1 million on account if impairment in accounts receivable minus liabilities of $40 million). The acquirer’s share of the net identifiable assets equals 75% of $13 million which equals $9.75 million. Goodwill is hence $20 million minus $9.75 which equals $10.25 million. Company A will pass the following journal entry to record the business combination. Goodwill| $10.25 M| | Assets| $53 M| | Liabilities| | $40 M| Cash| | $20 M| Non-Controlling Interest| | $3.25 M| Non-controlling interest is calculated as 25% of fair value of net identifiable assets. It equals $3.25 ($13 million multiplied by 0.25). It can also be arrived at the balancing figure: (goodwill under full goodwill method + assets acquired − liabilities assumed − cash paid). Total goodwill under full goodwill method was $13.67 and non-controlling interest was $6.67 million. The difference is non-controlling interest in case of partial goodwill is only because in partial goodwill method the non-controlling interest share of goodwill is not recorded which equals $3.42 million (0.25 of ($26.67 minus $13 million)). Weighted average profit method This method of goodwill evaluation can be explained as a modified side of the he average profit method. This method involves the relevant number of weights, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 multiples profit of each year so as to find out value product. The total of products is thereafter divided by the total of weights so as to calculate the weighted average profits. Goodwill = Weighted Average Profits x No. of years Purchase Weighted Average Profit = Total of Products of Profits/ Total of Weights EXAMPLE The profit of X Ltd. for the last five years and the corresponding weights are as follows. Calculate the value of goodwill on the basis of 3 years’ purchase of the weighted average profit. Solution: Weighted Average Profit = Rs. 21, 30,000 à · 15 = Rs. 1, 42,000. Value of Goodwill = 3 years’ purchase of weighted average profit: Rs. 1, 42,000 x 3 = Rs. 4, 26,000

Diversity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity Management - Essay Example As argued by scholars, workforce diversity is an issue among people, which focuses mainly on the similarities and differences brought by people in the organization. Therefore, success of organization and workforce diversity are inseparable. Despite the role played by affirmative action policies and equal rights legislations in assisting marginalized groups to access various employment opportunities previously closed to them, the exclusion of such employees from influential work organization circles hinders them from fully benefiting and contributing to the overall objective of the organization. Diversity management programs and policies create an embracing environment for these groups that lacked access to employment, and particularly to jobs that are more lucrative (Thomas, 2004:20). One of the multinational corporations that value diversity is International Business Machines (IBM) and Google. Workforce diversity at IBM has been in existence even before the equal employment opportun ity and affirmative action policies became legal. Implementation of this has seen IBM record a notable positive progress for many years (Young, 2003:43). In support to this argument, the provision of information technology during this time when technology is ever evolving has challenged many and big organizations. Therefore, it is arguable that IBM’s ability to understand and implement workforce diversity is the core factor behind the large market share won by the company over competitors (Young, 2003:21). For instance, the organization employed its first female worker in 1899, long before women suffrage movements in the US. Moreover, the organization also hired a disabled employee in 1914, some 76 years before enactment of the disabilities act in the US (Thomas, 2004:20). Moreover, the organization had black employees nearly two decades even before the Civil Right Act came into play. Currently, IBM administration and design of benefit plans comply with all local, state, and federal laws on equal employment opportunity and affirmative action, as well as accommodating reasonable religious observances. Managers and executives in the company are responsible for ensuring that the working environment is free from harassment and discrimination of all forms. The company also carries out outreach and human resource programs to ensure opportunity and compensation for development and growth. Moreover, it adheres to the amended 1974 Veterans Readjustment Act (Thomas, 2004:20). IBM ranks workforce diversity among the top strategic objectives of the company. The current diversity policies were set rolling by Tom Watson Jr. during his tenure at the company. He sought to lead the company by his personal values and beliefs, acknowledging that an organization has to change all things except the basic beliefs in the corporate world if it seeks to meet and overcome the challenges of the changing business environment. He identified three basic beliefs that remain as the pi llars of the company’s business and diversity management approaches, which include respect for individuals, service to customer, and excellence as a way of life. Today, these values form the three tenets of diversity at IBM: equal employment, affirmative action, and work/life. The most prominent among the three is equal opportunity, which offers access to the harassment-free workplace that provides the tools for eliminating disadvantages and that appreciates the work/ life balance, enabling employees to be productive (Thomas, 2004:20). The current policies of IMB on diversity management were the result of eight tasks forces commissioned by CEO Sam Palmisano to understand the different groups

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Global warming - Essay Example Allegre et al argues that CO2 can’t be a pollutant yet it is colorless and odorless. According to Wenner, there are several research evidence that shows that human activities cannot change the climate in any way. Curry argues that several research proofs that climate is insignificantly sensitive to carbon (IV) oxide increase in the atmosphere. Therefore the argument that emissions related to CO2 should be reduced is baseless. Curry believes that those supporting global warming have been exaggerating their findings using fabricated data. She believes that an organization like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has been misled. â€Å"This pause in warming is at odds with the 2007 IPCC report, which expected  warming to increase at a rate of 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade in the early 21st  century.† The fact that even the International Panel on Climate Change, a body with both human and financial resources, cannot prove the existence of climate change shows that it doesn’t exist. The proof that the temperature of the world has been stagnant for more than a decade is a proof enough that global warming is not well researched as a field but

Marketing Design Innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Design Innovation - Assignment Example ke to the customers can be ascertained as that it provided a refreshing experience to the customers with greater taste along with refreshment (The Coca-Cola Company, 2010). Likewise, Diet Coke is totally free from sugar, which only includes 1 kilocalorie (kcal) for a diet coke of 250 millilitres (ml) consumed by the customers. It has been viewed that the needs of the customers have been frequently changing due to which Coca-Cola has taken the initiative of focusing on products such as Diet Coke and other light products that provide innovative packaging to the customers. Moreover, in order to address the changing requirements of the customers, the company has offered variation in its choices of products to customers that would match their preferences and lifestyle (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Diet Coke provides a huge value to the customers as the product has created the awareness of the customers regarding the maintenance of a healthy diet. Diet Coke has been developed in an innovative way and it has been the product that has responded to the trendy requirements of the customers (Bates, 2011). The company i.e. Coca-Cola has understood that through offering the product of Diet Coke, long-term growth can be achieved as it caters the emotional requirements of the customers. Diet Coke has been the product, which has crafted the message of bringing in an evolution within the customers experience that is totally driven towards their preferences and desires. It has been apparent that needs of the customers have been continuously changing and the company has adopted a perfect strategy by introducing Diet Coke in the market as the product tends to address the changing requirements of the customers (Bates, 2011). In the present day context, people have become more conscious about their health maintenance and Diet Coke has been the perfect product, which has been developed considering the aspect of health maintenance for customers. This particular factor has helped in

Comparative advantage, being a dynamic concept, can provide an Essay

Comparative advantage, being a dynamic concept, can provide an economic argument in favour of short term protectionism. Discuss - Essay Example Below-mentioned graph shows world exports in terms of percentage of world gross domestic product for the year between 1970 and 2008. This indicates how flourishing has been the world trade in the last 40 years. To begin with, it would be prudent to know about the basic reasons for trades to take place between the nations. Suranovic (2010) mentions five basic reasons for any international trades to take place. Trades occur between the countries when they differ in their technological abilities to produce services and goods. The resources used are capital, labor, and land to deliver the output in terms of products and services. Each country will have varying ability to use the inputs in producing the given output. Again, each country will differ in their resource availability such as mines, minerals, water, and electricity. Heckscher-Ohlin model explains about the trades taking place due to difference in resource capabilities. Trades between the countries also occur due to difference in demands. Difference in demands may be rooted in their cultures, beliefs, customs or habits. There are the communities and countries who habitually consume more fish preparations compared to some who are pure vegetarians. Some make their houses using woods and some use more steel and cement while making their dwellings. These innate consuming habits tend to make the demand differences among the countries, which they would fulfill through exchange of goods and services. Economies of scale bring down the cost of production. Those who cannot operate at the level of economy of scale of production will be at disadvantageous situation. Global demand will rush to the country where the cost is lowest. The point is that the reason could be any one or many for the trade to take place; however, the theory of comparative advantage is in its root. There are long term benefits of free trade in goods and services to the consumers at large but still there are disputes and

Describe the major components of a rsum and cover letter Assignment

Describe the major components of a rsum and cover letter - Assignment Example The most important highlight would be emphasizing skills that enhance one’s strengths and core competencies above the rest of the applicants vying for the same position (Ferrett, 2002). The skills set should perfectly match the professional skill requirements stipulated for the position. For me, dedication and the mental strength to never give up on education after several years of inactivity is a characteristic that employers want to see. Likewise, I am also partially blind; but this would not preclude me from pursuing desired positions that exhibit my competitive advantage. One or two accomplishments that can be added to one’s cover letter could include: (1) proficiency in foreign languages; and (2) cultural awareness through travels abroad. These accomplishments would be most useful in positions requiring cultural awareness needed for diverse clientele and for specified international assignments. Likewise, these accomplishments would be considered plus factors for positions that require competencies in other languages due to the need to communicate effectively to diverse clients from other racial or ethnic

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis - Case Study Example He suffered from low self esteem. Therefore, he was looking to get back to working in accordance to his competence. The person came across the advertisements in the paper given by Carbon Manufacturing Company as the company was looking for new employees in all of their departments as there was strike going on in the plant. The strike was called by the union at Carbon Manufacturing. This meant the work at the plant was disturbed. The person in the case is eligible for the job. The job will pay him a similar salary as he was getting at the earlier plant. The management of Carbon was fed up with the union there. So, they decided to include a clause in the new employees contract which required them to agree to not to join a union ever during the stay at the company. The job was a permanent job as the company assured that even if the striking workers return, the new recruits will stay in the company. The non-union clause in the contract was a matter of concern for the person as he analyze d that other prospect of joining the company was good. Father of the person was strong union person. Therefore, he had background which suggested him to be in favor of unions. But the present job crisis and his family where he had wife and kids favored his mind to look for the option of appearing for the job interview. The ethical issue regarding the unions also came up in his mind as his neighbors and community received undue benefits from the presence of unions in the plants. His father also told him the scenario that the Americans had to face in the past when there was no presence of union. Long working hours, low payments, very few benefits, and also no security of job were the scenario that engulfed the country in the absence of the unions. The person though believed that such working conditions and scenarios were a thing of the past and in present day, the management of the companies was much more vigilant of the employee welfare. So,

SWOT Analysis of New York City Police Department Research Paper

SWOT Analysis of New York City Police Department - Research Paper Example According to Henry, the major strength of the department lies in its management team who has taken various strategic steps for curtailing the accelerating crime rate in the city (14). Following are the strengths of NYPD: 1. Strong management team – When Bratton was given the charge of running NYPD, the foremost thing that he did was the organizational restructuring. The policies of the organization were changed and the entire structure was changed to ensure that the duties and responsibilities were properly divided among the divisions. Division of tasks leads to less workload and timely completion of the tasks. He developed a vision for the entire management team that has been helping the team in following a clear path of direction for effective performance in the region (Sugarman, 159). 2. Wide range of departments for specific purposes – The major strength of this organization lies in its varying range of departments as each one of them has been developed with a speci fic purpose. For instance, it has developed Emergency Service Unit, Traffic Enforcement District, Major Case Squad, Evidence Collection Team, Crime Scene Unit, Task Forces, Highway Patrol, Mounted Unit, Auxiliary Police, Technical Assistance Response Unit and many more (Nagy and Joel, 20). 3. Implementation of Compstat Technology – Compstat which stands for the Computerized Statistics program is a strategic management process that is goal-oriented. This system makes efficient use of three key components of NYPD i.e. business strategy, information technology and accountability of management for controlling the crime along with the police neighborhoods. It has been implemented in NYPD with the aim of oppressing the crimes and it enhances the quality of community’s life by providing the residents a safe and secured environment. The system has helped the organization in successfully fulfilling its mission (Henry, 2).

Project on Cement Essay Example for Free

Project on Cement Essay Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is no different. I especially thank Mr. R.K.Gupta; Director of Cii CITMS, whose support and patience was instrumental in accomplishing this project. I would like to thank our Faculty Guide Miss.Pubali Koley whose diligent effort made this project possible. My grateful acknowledgement to all the staff member of Ultra tech Cement limited for their support and cooperation. At last again I want to extent my thanks to all the teachers of Cii CITMS – Durgapur for giving support and confidence for doing this project. [pic] This ambitious project at ULTRATECH CEMENT under the project title â€Å"ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY† has been carried out under the able guidance of company institutional experts. The vision or the objective of this project was to identify the Advertising needs. As the growth is a continuous process, so it is also very much important to find out the corners or the areas where the scope for the development is present. The effectiveness of the Advertising was also under the scan during this period where it is observed that the effective Advertising can effectively maximize sales volume revenue. This Advertising process is also effective to manage the planned sales strategy. The Advertising process at WEST BENGAL CEMENT WORKS is judiciously planned Divided into four parts. This practical project helped a lot to get the knowledge from all the avenues of the Marketing Management it is also perceived that it will help the company time to time in its growth process. Introduction T he function of Advertising is to close the gap between the desire performance and the actual job performance. The need for quality Advertising program is on the increase due to the fact that the highly competitive business environment is throwing up new and complex challenges, literally every day. New and complex services are coming into existence, thereby pushing up the need for high- quality Advertising program. Due to the slowdown in the economy, many jobs are coming into existence, many jobs cuts are taking place leading to a situation where works must retain themselves to stay employed in the same organization or to complete in the market place. [pic] †¢ To identify importance of Advertising in the organization. †¢ To identify the specific Advertising area. †¢ To identify the effectiveness of different types of advertising. †¢ To identify the best methods and techniques for advertising. †¢ The development of Advertising and sales promotion schemes to meet desired goals of organization. ââ€"   Increase in sales volume ââ€"   Maximize profit ââ€"   Developed sales promotion schemes [pic] ↠ Because of busy schedule of the employees the interview was quite tough after a quite of waiting time. ↠ Most of the executives were too busy, thus to obtain the desired accurate data there was a need to take the prior appointment from them. ↠ 50% of the sample size were not giving the correct feedback (due to varied hidden reason), thus there will be variance in the outcome of the study. ↠ Most of the employees were not confident about the proper management (misuse) of the information provided by them. ↠ They were also often reluctant in identifying the needed information. [pic] TITLE: â€Å"Advertising promotional strategy† at West Bengal Cement† Works.† Research methodology is the method through which the project has been done. This includes various sources of collecting data. TARGET GROUP: The target group for the survey was Managers, Officers, Supervisors and of â€Å"ULTRA TECH CEMENT LIMITED† and press releases. SAMPLE SIZE: Out of 38 employees, 35 were taken as a sample for the survey QUESTIONNAIRE The company is having small number of staff. So, the questionnaire was made mainly for Managers, Officers and Supervisors. Some specific questions have been prepared relating to the topic and have been analyzed in such a way that it can fulfill the objective of the project. FORMAL INTERVIEW: Formal interview has been taken during the non peak office hour. [pic] [pic] UltraTech [pic] OUR VISION TO BE PREMIUM GLOBAL CONGLOMERATE WITH A CLEAR FOCUS ON EACH BUSINESS OUR MISSION TO DELIVER SUPERIOR VALUE TO OUR CUSTOMER SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES AND SOCIETY AT LARGE OUR VALUES INTEGRITY, COMMITEMENT, PASSION SEAMLESSNESS AND SPEED UltraTech [pic] West Bengal Cement Works OUR RESOLUTIONS – 2009 †¢ ‘ZERO’ BREAK DOWN †¢ GOOD HOUSE KEEPING †¢ TRUST AND SUPPORT R.B.SINGH Sr.dy.general manager COMPANY PROFILE Company Name:UltraTech Cement Limited (An Aditya Birla group of company) Industry : Cement manufacturing Type of Company: Public Limited Company Unit Name Address:West Bengal Cement Works Near EPIP, MUCHIPARA, G.T. ROAD Post-Rajbandh Durgapur-713212 District- Burdwan West Bengal Registered Office : UltraTech Cement Limited B- Wing, Ahura centre, 2nd floor Mahakali Caves Road Andheri (east), Mumbai-400093 Board of Executives †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman †¢ Mrs. Rajashree Birla †¢ Mr. R. C. Bhargava †¢ Mr. G. M. Dave †¢ Mr. N. J. Jhaveri †¢ Mr. S. B. Mathur †¢ Mr. V. T. Moorthy †¢ Mr. O. P. Puranmalka †¢ Mr. S. Rajgopal †¢ Mr. D. D. Rathi †¢ Mr. S. Misra, Managing Director Board of Directors Executive President Chief Financial Officer Mr. K. C. Birla Chief Manufacturing Officer R.K. Shah Chief Marketing Officer Mr. O. P. Puranmalka Company Secretary Mr. S. K. Chatterjee AT THE HELM ULTRATECH The Aditya Birla Management Corporation Private Limited is the Groups apex decision making body and provides strategic direction to Group companies. Its Board of Directors comprises: †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman †¢ Mr. S. Aga †¢ Mr. D. Bhattacharya †¢ Mr. S. K. Jain †¢ Dr. S. Misra †¢ Mr. S. Misra †¢ Dr. B. K. Singh †¢ Mr. K. K. Maheshwari †¢ Mr. Vikram Rao †¢ Mr. Ajay Srinivasan MILESTONES [pic] 2009 †¢ Grasims pulp and fibre division has won the highly prestigious Asian CSR Award. The Asian CSR Awards, Asias Premier CSR Awards program, is a project of the Asian Institute of Management, Manila. †¢ The Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, Government of Thailand will be conferred â€Å"The Best Labor Relations and Welfare Award, 2009† on Indo Thai Synthetic Company Limited. †¢ Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund has been named The Asset Management Company of the Year, India, by the Hong Kong based magazine, The Asset, in the country awards category of their Triple an Investment Performance Awards 2009. †¢ CNBC TV18 Crisil recognized Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund as The Mutual Fund House of the Year in 2008 and 2009 (for 2007 and 2008), creating history as the only fund house to have won this recognition in two consecutive years. †¢ The Birla Sun Life Equity-Linked FMP won the Best Local Currency Structured Product-India at Triple an Investment Performance Awards 2009. †¢ The Best Onshore Fund House India Award by Asian Investor, a Hong Kong based magazine at Asian Investor Investment Performance Awards 2009†. †¢ Rajiv Gandhi Award for Eminence in Social Field, 2009 was conferred on Mrs. Rajashree Birla by Mr. Jyotiraditya Scandia (Union Minister of State, Commerce Industry) on 19 August 2009. The award recognizes Mrs. Birlas path breaking work among the poor, more so in Indias villages, carried out through the Aditya Birla Centre for Community Initiatives and Rural Development. †¢ Idea Cellular wins the Economic Times Emerging Company of the Year Award for 2009. MILESTONES [pic] 2008 †¢ The President of India, Mrs. Pratibha Patil conferred the much coveted Rotary International Polio Eradication Champion Award on Mrs. Rajashree Birla in an elegant function at the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Delhi), attended by the Chairman, select Rotarians and WHO officials. †¢ The Aditya Birla Group was honored with the India Today Groups Readers Digest Gold award in recognition of the work that truly exemplifies the highest values of society as well as those of Readers Digest. The award was received by Mrs. Rajashree Birla, Chairperson, and Aditya Birla Center for Community Initiatives and Rural Development, at the Pegasus Corporate Social Responsibility Awards 2007 function. MILESTONES [pic] 2007 †¢ Hindalco in a joint venture with Alex USA Inc. Tran Works Information Services announces success of bid to acquire Minacs Worldwide. †¢ Grasim Industries Limited, India; Thai Rayon Public Company Limited, Thailand and P.T. Indo Bharat Rayon, Indonesia form a JV with Hubei Jingo Wei Chemical Fibre Company, China, for VSF. †¢ Hindalco awarded the Genentech Safety Silver Award for its outstanding safety performance during 2005-06 †¢ Hindalco awarded the CII Sorabji Green Business Centre National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2007. [pic] 2006 †¢ Indian Rayon re-christened as Aditya Birla Novo. †¢ Aditya Birla Group to set up a world-class aluminum project in Orissa. †¢ The Aditya Birla Group signs a framework agreement to acquire St Anne Nackawic Pulp Mill, Canada. †¢ Board reconstituted with Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla taking over as Chairman. †¢ Completion of the implementation process to demerge the cement business of LT and completion of open offer by Grasim, with the latter acquiring controlling stake in the newly formed company UltraTech. †¢ Grasim, Nada, received the FICCI Annual Award 2003-2004 in recognition of corporate initiative in rural development. MILESTONES [pic] 2005 †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Group, is selected as Business Indias Businessman of the Year 2003. †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla is selected as The Economic Times Business Leader of the year. †¢ The Group is ranked 16th in Indias first ever survey of Great places to work in, published in Business World magazine. The Groups joint venture concern, Birla Sun Life Insurance, is ranked 9th in the same study. †¢ The Group is ranked 20th in a study on the Best Employers in India, conducted by Hewitt Associates and Business Today. †¢ Hindalco receives the Asian CSR Award for its Rural Poverty Alleviation Program. LOCATION OF W.B.C.W IN WEST BENGAL [pic] Organizational environment West Bengal Cement Works has rail road connectivity to meet inward outward logistics requirements. The private railway siding is connected to main line of eastern railway at Durgapur, which is 8.72 KM from plant. The cement is packed in bags with the help of three packers operating round the clock. The packed cement is dispatched to various destinations by road rail. Organization Culture ⠝â€" Purpose: To produce the cement as per marketing requirement with minimum cost. ⠝â€" Objective: Zero breakdown, Good Housekeeping, building trust support. ⠝â€" West Bengal Cement Works is having following facilities: âž ¢ Clinker unloading by wagon tippler (cap. 15 trips per hour) âž ¢ Fly ash bowers unloading system âž ¢ Cement mill with 1.0 million ton per annum capacity âž ¢ Cement dispatch facility by road rail âž ¢ Clinker, Gypsum fly ash receipt by rail road respectively Land Details: o Factory:61.67 Acres o 16 flat residential complex:10202.4 Esq. o Assisted siding:2830 M. o Private assisted siding:2210 M. WHY DURGAPUR? West Bengal Cement Works (WBCW) is the 10th cement manufacturing unit of Ultra Tech Cement Limited, Which is located at Durgapur. ⠝â€" RAW MATERIALS Clinker : Hirmi Cement Works Fly Ash : Bakreswar Thermal Power Station Durgapur Project Limited (DPL) Gypsum : Hindi Liver Chemicals, Haldia Slag : Durgapur Steel Plant (DPL) Bokaro Steel Plant POWER : GPL, DVC TRANSPORT : North Eastern Railway, National Highway-2 WATER : River Damodar MARKET : Local Growth of City development LAND : 62.92 acres of good land for Construction. CAPITAL : Huge number of Bank for getting easy Cash MANPOWER : Available amount of skilled and Unskilled Labors from local area DEMOCRACY : Good demographic structure is found Here CEMENT PROCESS GYPSUM from Yard Gypsum hopper Electronic weigh feeder SLAG from Yard Slag hopper FLUASH from Bin Supplied SCHENK For accurate quantity CLINKER from Silo Slag hopper to Mill SEPAX SEPARATION CEMENT PACKING PLANT PRODUCT MIXESPacking in 50 kg bag with electronic packer loading in truck or rack PORTLAND POZZALANA CEMENT CLINKER : 70-74% FLYASH : 20-25% FLYASH : 3-4% PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT CLINKER : 50-54% SLAG : 40-42% GYPSUM : 3-5% Plant Layout [pic] A Partial View of West Bengal Cement Works [pic] [pic] ON [pic] [pic] ââ€" ¡ Advertising is the dissemination of information by non personal means through paid media, where the source is clearly identified as the sponsoring organization. Advertising is one of the important components of the promotion mix. It is a powerful communication medium and a vital marketing tool. FEATURES: ââ€" ¡ Advertising is one of the methods of promotion mix. ââ€" ¡ It is a paid mass communication, not aiming at a specific individual. ââ€" ¡ It is salesmanship in writing or printed salesmanship. ââ€" ¡ It is undertaken to influence the buying behavior of the customers. ââ€" ¡ The communication media are diverse such as print (newspapers and magazines), broadcast (radio and television), and direct (mail, billboards and motion pictures). `NATURE OF ADVERTISING ↠ Element of Marketing Mix ↠ Promotion Mix ↠ Mass Communication ↠ Massages ↠ Price of Advertising ↠ Sponsor ↠ Persuasive ↠ Element of Control ↠ Identifiable ↠ Target Group SCOPE OF ADVERTISING ↠ Effectiveness of Massages ↠ Appropriate Media ↠ Merchandise ↠ Advertising Functions ↠ Responsibility of Advertiser ↠ Fulfillment of Objectives ↠ Generates Various Activities ↠ Advertising as an Art Science PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISING: âž ¢ To increase sales âž ¢ Persuading dealers to stock âž ¢ Assisting dealers to stock âž ¢ Increase in per capita use âž ¢ Recognition for quality âž ¢ Protecting manufacturers’ interest âž ¢ To eliminate seasonal fluctuations âž ¢ Creation of demand SECONDARY FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISING: âž ¢ Oral support to salesman âž ¢ To furnish correct information âž ¢ Ensures product improvement âž ¢ Sense of security âž ¢ Appointment of efficient employees †¢ The scope of Advertising includes these activities such as selection of media, communication with customers, and maintenance of brand loyalty and so on. Advertising Objectives: ââ€" ª Simulating Demand : âÅ"“ The current user of a product may be persuaded to increase the existing rate of product consumption. This may be reminding them about the product, its brand and the possible advantages of the product. âÅ"“ The second way of stimulating demand for the product is to attract new user into the market by telling them the qualities of the product and possible uses so that they may change their brand. âÅ"“ The third way of stimulating demand is to tell the current users about new users of the product so that customers may use the company’s product for several other purposes. ââ€" ª Increasing profits âÅ"“ Advertising does increase sale of the product. âÅ"“ Advertising will reduce various ‘marketing costs’ Specific objectives of Advertising: âÅ"“ It introduces new product to potential customers. âÅ"“ âÅ"“ It promotes the brand by repeat purchase leading to brand loyalty. âÅ"“ It increases the timing and number of uses. âÅ"“ It builds the product and company image. âÅ"“ It sets the trend by changing perception and behavior. âÅ"“ It aids sales promotion campaign. âÅ"“ It shoots up the sale and increases the market share. âÅ"“ It answers the competitive attacks. Reminder advertising: †¢ Reminding them where to buy it. †¢ Maintaining its top of mind awareness. ââ€" ª Information Advertising : âÅ"“ Informing the market about a new product âÅ"“ Suggesting new uses for a product. âÅ"“ Informing the market of a price change. âÅ"“ Explaining how the products work. âÅ"“ Describing the available services. âÅ"“ Correcting the false information’s. âÅ"“ Reducing consumers fears. âÅ"“ Building up a company’s image. ââ€" ª Persuasive advertising : âÅ"“ Building brand preference. âÅ"“ Encouraging switching to your brand. âÅ"“ Persuading customer to purchase now. âÅ"“ Persuading customer to receive a sales call. Advertising Goals: âÅ"“ To increases sales âÅ"“ To establish brand equity, and âÅ"“ To enter the target market. Behavioral goals: âÅ"“ Advertising goals aim at changing the attitude and behavior of the target audience towards a brand. âÅ"“ Advertising goals in behavioral terms is analysis of the communication and decision process that will affect the desired buyer behavior. âÅ"“ Advertising could be aimed at any of these or a communication of these intervening variables. Communication Related goals: âÅ"“ Advertising is directed at a group of users of product called the target audience. âÅ"“ Attract attention âÅ"“ Secure interest. âÅ"“ Build desire for the product and finally âÅ"“ Obtain action. Approaches for setting Advertising Objectives: ââ€" ª AIDAS model âÅ"“ A’ refers to Attention âÅ"“ ‘I’ refers to Interest âÅ"“ ‘D’ refers to Desire âÅ"“ ‘A’ refers to action; and âÅ"“ ‘S’ refers to Satisfaction ADVERTISING COPY ELEMENTS âž ¢ Headlines âž ¢ Subheading âž ¢ Body copy âž ¢ Captions âž ¢ Blurb or balloon âž ¢ Boxes and panels âž ¢ Slogan, Logo, Signature GUIDELINES FOR COPY WRITING âž ¢ Cash in on your personal experience âž ¢ Write from the heart âž ¢ Learn from the experience of others âž ¢ Study the product âž ¢ Study competitors’ advertisement âž ¢ Study testimonials from customers âž ¢ Solve the prospect’s problem âž ¢ Put your subconscious mind to work âž ¢ â€Å"Ring the changes† on a successful idea COLOUR ↠ Colors are often used to attract attention and to enhance memory value. ADVERTISING LAYOUT PROCESS [pic][pic] VARIOUS ADVERTISING MEDIA ââ€" ¡ PRINT MEDIA: âž ¢ Newspapers âž ¢ Magazines âž ¢ Journals ââ€" ¡ OUTDOOR MEDIA: âž ¢ Advertising Boards âž ¢ Vehicle advertising âž ¢ Electric displays âž ¢ Sky writing âž ¢ Sandwich men ââ€" ¡ DIRECT MAIL: âž ¢ Leaflets âž ¢ Sales letters âž ¢ Folders âž ¢ Booklets âž ¢ Catalogues âž ¢ Brouchers ââ€" ª BROADCASTING MEDIA: âž ¢ Radio âž ¢ T.V âž ¢ Film âž ¢ Web based advertising [pic] AN OVERVIEW S ales promotion includes all those activities other than advertising, personal selling, public relation and publicity, that are intended to stimulate customer demand and improve the marketing performance of sellers. Need of sales promotion: ââ€" ª To secure attention towards new products. ââ€" ª To improve the market share of a company. ââ€" ª To avoid duplication of goods. ââ€" ª To create awareness among consumers about new brands. ââ€" ª To face competition in the market. ââ€" ª To create talking points for their sales force. SALES PROMOTION TOOLS ââ€" ª Contest ââ€" ª Premium offers ââ€" ª Mail – in free offers ââ€" ª Free gifts with goods ââ€" ª Picture cards ââ€" ª Gift coupons ââ€" ª Coupons ââ€" ª Cross coupons ââ€" ª Jumbo packs ââ€" ª Money – off offers ââ€" ª Sales letters SALES PROMOTION STRATEGY [pic] ADVERTISING SALES PROMOTION STRATEGY TAKEN BY ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED ADITYA BIRLA GROUP AT A GLANCE o The roots of the Aditya Birla Group date back to the 19th century in the picturesque town of Pilani set amidst the Rajasthan desert. It was here that Seth Shiv Narayan Birla started trading in cotton, laying the foundation for the House of Birlas. Through Indias arduous times of the 1850s, the Birla business expanded rapidly. In the early part of the 20th century, our Groups founding father, Ghanshyamdas Birla, set up industries in critical sectors such as textiles and fibre, aluminums, cement and chemicals. As a close confidante of Mahatma Gandhi, he played an active role in the Indian freedom struggle. He represented India at the first and second round-table conference in London, along with Gandhiji. It was at Birla House in Delhi that the luminaries of the Indian freedom struggle often met to plot the downfall of the British Raj. Aditya Vikram Birla: putting India on the world map |[pic] | | | A formidable force in Indian industry, Mr. Aditya Birla dared to dream of setting up a global business empire at the age of 24. He was the first to put Indian business on the world map, as far back as 1969, long before globalization became a buzzword in India. In the then vibrant and free market South East Asian countries, he ventured to set up world-class production bases. He had foreseen the winds of change and staked the future of his business on a competitive, free market driven economy order. He put Indian business on the globe, 22 years before economic liberalization was formally introduced by the former Prime Minister, Mr. Narasimha Rao and the former Union Finance Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh. He set up 19 companies outside India, in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Egypt. [pic] Quality push: Mr. B. Venugopal, Senior Vice-President, UltraTech Cement Ltd, at the inauguration of mobile concrete laboratory in Durgapur. UltraTech Cement, as part of its ‘product plus’ services, has introduced a mobile concrete testing laboratory for ascertaining the quality of reinforcement materials and for guiding those building houses about its quality. ULTRATECH: BRAND POWER Excerpts from an interview with O.P. Puranmalka, Group Executive President, Grasim Industries and Chief Marketing Officer, UltraTech Cement Ltd. |[pic] | | | In step with its global agenda, the cement business of the Aditya Birla Group, is orchestrating a contemporary brand makeover. With UltraTech Cement, the Aditya Birla Group has established itself as not only the most respected domestic player but also among the global leaders in cement. Associate Editor Vidyut Kumar Ta in an exclusive interview with O.P. Puranmalka, Group Executive President, Grasim Industries and Chief Marketing Officer, UltraTech Cement Limited, analyses the strategy behind promoting a single brand identity of the companys cement products. Signature line [pic] The name UltraTech with the signature line, The Engineers Choice, admirably captures the premium nature of the brand and its salience. According to Mr. Puranmalka, excellent product quality and customer care will remain the hallmark of UltraTech cement. Jaan Wahi Pehchaan Nayi [pic] K eeping pace with the current industry trend and taking the UltraTech brand to a new pedestal, the group decided to have one national brand. Birla Plus with its very strong presence in the North was a very well known brand. Its tag line Har Nirman Ki Jaan and Is cement mein Jaan Hain had become household phrases. Observes Mr. Puranmalka: We opted for UltraTech as the national brand because while on the one hand, it gives us the opportunity to strengthen common attributes of a premium brand, scale of operations and the Aditya Birla Groups reputation, it also provides an opportunity to build on the positioning platform of expert and imagery signifying progress, cutting edge technology and modernity. Strategy A lthough cement is said to be a low-involvement category, the brand awareness in this category is very high. Major brands like ACC, Ambuja and some strong regional brands have been fighting for mind space. Says Mr. Puranmalka: Brand awareness is the category driver. We wanted to be different and were constantly on the look out for high visibility media. We found that cricket has a great following in our country and we wanted to explore the possibility of associating with this sport. CHAK – DE STRATEGY [pic] I ndia, the worlds largest producer of movies in as many as 10-12 different languages, provides a great opportunity for advertisers to reach the masses. Films are a great entertainment platform for most Indians. Many FMCGs have encased this opportunity. The in-film branding opportunity was used by UltraTech for the first time ever in the cement industry. The film Chak De India, promoting womens hockey in India, became an all-time hit. In the movie UltraTech was the sponsor of the Indian womens hockey team. UltraTech branding was all over, throughout the movie. It was a big gamble we took,  says Mr. Puranmalka. Initially we were skeptical, with many big banners with big stars failing in the recent past. After a lot of deliberation, we decided to go ahead with this gamble and finally Chak De India almost became like a national anthem, with India winning the womens hockey title in reality and our cricket team winning the inaugural 20-20 World Cup. BRANDED CHANNELS S urging ahead of competition, the cement business brought in a new concept in cement marketing — UltraTech Building Solutions, a one-stop shop for all construction needs. This is a unique concept and was tested in Rajkot which is one of the fastest-growing cities in construction in the country today, says Mr. Puranmalka. Advocating our Plan, Build and Support philosophy, it seeks to enhance the shopping experience of customers and strengthen existing trade partnerships, by upgrading the service proposition. It offers a wide spectrum of end-to-end home building solutions, high quality construction materials and allied value-added services. As a business model, UltraTech Building Solutions offers home building solutions from planning to completion. B asically, every customer who walks in to UltraTech Building Solutions outlet receives guidance on construction-related issues as well as value-added services like Vastu, usage of budget software to estimate costs involved for construction, paper clearance procedures, etc. The customer gets a ready reckoner of information on how to choose and buy quality construction materials. With the Rajkot success and with key learning points, the company intends to open many more outlets across the country. Measuring Effectiveness O nce the goals are well defined we need to measure the effectiveness of all such initiatives that are undertaken from time to time, says Mr.  Puranmalka. We are research-savvy in our approach. We go into minute details to find out the cause and effect, keeping the larger picture in mind. This is true right from the selection of the brand name UltraTech to ad campaign testing, media effectiveness and so on. Regular Brand Health Monitoring studies are undertaken to understand various critical issues like awareness, usage pattern, equity indices, psycho-economic mix of the target group (TG), etc. Mr. Puranmalka adds: Recently we initiated and completed a customer satisfaction survey to understand the expectations of customers and benchmark with the best in the industry. Of course there are some insights, which we need to address internally, but overall we are happy with the outcome. The results are very encouraging and you would be glad to know we are steering ahead of competition. Rajasthan Royals ropes in UltraTech as team sponsor: ⠝â€" Rajasthan Royals has roped in UltraTech Cement as their team sponsor. With this, the Emerging Media-owned IPL franchises sponsor roster stands at eight. ⠝â€" Rajasthan Royals CMO Raghu Iyer, All deals are intended to be long-term. Our earlier team sponsor was Bajaj Allianz but we agreed to mutually part ways amicably. ⠝â€" UltraTech Cement will have branding on the team jerseys and team-replica merchandise. Iyer added that plans are being worked upon as to how the two parties can best take this relationship forward. ⠝â€" As had been reported earlier by Indiantelevision.com, TCS is the franchisees technology partner. TCS will offer expertise in IT solutions to the T20 cricket team on and off the field for the next three years. The Television Plan: âž ¢ The franchisee is planning activities with Super sport which will air the IPL in South Africa. Rajasthan Royals had earlier entered into a strategic  partnership with the Nashua Cape Cobras. The first match will be played on 11 April. In the days preceding the encounter, there will be special features in the form of player profiles and interviews. âž ¢ In India the franchises partners are Aaj Tak and Times Now. The plan is to offer them special footage and capsules. Ayer added that the franchisee is in talks with several broadcasters to air their DVD. Victory will be aired on the channel. âž ¢ Rajasthan Royals claims that it is witnessing good sales of the two DVDs that it has launched earlier. While Road to Victory is about how the team triumphed in the IPLs inaugural edition, Access All Areas aims to give fans an idea of what goes on behind-the-scenes to make the IPL a success. [pic] The prime purpose of the project is to identify Advertising and sales promotion strategies of ULTRA TECH CEMENT LIMITED. The ingredient for a successful analysis is a structured questionnaire, for the better construction of analysis of the data generated from the questionnaire. The following step by step analysis is a proportionate mix of good high quality and dire views. 1. How ‘advertising’ is effective to increase the sales volume? Always: 65% To great extent: 25% To some extent: 10% To very little extent: 0.0 Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: As there is no magic for success and to increase sales volume and profit, Advertising is the only key. 2. How ‘advertising’ is effective to stimulate demand for the product? Always: 60% To great extent: 25% To some extent: 15% To very little extent: 0.0 Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Without advertising its’ very complex to stimulate demand for product. 3. DO you feel that ‘Advertising’ will reduce various ‘marketing costs’? Always: 55% To great extent: 35% To some extent: 10% To very little extent: 0.0 Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Advertising is so effective to reduce various marketing costs. 4. Do you feel that ‘Advertising’ increases repeat purchasing? Always: 70% To great extent: 20% To some extent: 5% To very little extent: 5% Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Maximum no. of customer accepts that advertising increase repeat purchasing. 5. Do you feel that ‘Advertising’ informing the market about a new product? Always: 85% To great extent: 10% To some extent: 5% To very little extent: 0.0 Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Advertising is highly effective to inform the market about new product. 6. Is ‘Advertising’ act as building up a company’s image? Always: 68% To great extent: 23% To some extent: 5% To very little extent: 4% Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Advertising is a successive method to build up company’s image. 7. How ‘Advertising’ is helpful method for market positioning? Always: 52% To great extent: 25% To some extent: 10% To very little extent: 7% Not at all: 6% [pic] Remark: Advertising is quite impressive method for market positioning. 8. How ‘Sales Promotion’ effectual to improve the market share of a company? Always: 55% To great extent: 20% To some extent: 15% To very little extent: 10% Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Sales promotion is effective policy to improve the market share of a company according to people. 9. How ‘sales promotion’ work to face competition in the market? Always: 70% To great extent: 20% To some extent: 10% To very little extent: 0.0 Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Sales promotion used as effective tool to face competition in the market. 10. Do you feel that ‘Sales Promotion’ should attract the attention of the target audience? Always: 75% To great extent: 20% To some extent: 5% To very little extent: 0.0 Not at all: 0.0 [pic] Remark: Sales promotion should attract the attention of the target audience to purchase particular product. ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS Most advertiser try to measure the communication effect of an AD – that is, its potential effect on awareness, knowledge, or preference. They would also like to measure the AD’S sales effect. ââ€" ª The consumer feedback method asks consumers questions such as these: 1) What is the main message you get from this AD? 2) How likely is it that this AD will influence you to undertake the action? 3) What works well in the AD what works poorly? 4) How does the AD make you feel? 5) Where is the best place to reach you with this message? ââ€" ª Portfolio tests ask consumers to view or listen to a portfolio of advertisements. Recall level indicates an ad’s ability to stand out and to have its message understood and remembered. ââ€" ª Laboratory tests use equipment to measure physiological reactions – heartbeat, blood pressure, pupil dilation, galvanic skin response, perspiration – to an ad. SALES EFFECT RESEARCH What sales are generated by an ad that increases brand awareness by 20% and brand preference by 10%? The fewer or more controllable other factors such as features and price are, the easier it is measure advertising’s effect on sales. The sales impact is easiest to measure in direct marketing situations and hardest in brand or corporate image – building advertising. Companies are generally interested in finding out whether they are overspending on advertising. Researchers try to measure the sales impact through analyzing historical or experimental data. [pic] SALES PROMOTION EFFECTIVENESS [pic] O nce the goals are well defined we need to measure the effectiveness of all such initiatives that are undertaken from time to time, says Mr. Puranmalka. We are research-savvy in our approach. We go into minute details to find out the cause and effect, keeping the larger picture in mind. This is true right from the selection of the brand name UltraTech to ad campaign testing, media effectiveness and so on. Regular Brand Health Monitoring studies are undertaken to understand various critical issues like awareness, usage pattern, equity indices, psycho-economic mix of the target group (TG), etc. Mr. Puranmalka adds: Recently we initiated and completed a customer satisfaction survey to understand the expectations of customers and benchmark with the best in the industry. Of course there are some insights, which we need to address internally, but overall we are happy with the outcome. The results are very encouraging and you would be glad to know we are steering ahead of competition. [pic] The improvement in sales profit is the evident for an organization. So requirement of advertising and promotional schemes is tremendous. ↠ The structure of a persuasive message can influence the effectiveness of advertising. ↠ Customers influenced by message appeals like comparative, fear and humor appeals. ↠ The designs of advertisement impress customers. Design means the arrangement of various parts in a pre determined order say a blue print. ↠ Advertising media should be elected carefully. Media reduces gap between customer and manufacturer. ↠ Sales promotion schemes lead to increase of sales. [pic] ↠ It has been observed during the course of questionnaire survey that 56% interviews suggested improvement of advertising and sales promotion techniques. Management is being advised to improve inefficiencies such as: âž ¢ Advertising message should be meaningful. âž ¢ Avoid unethical advertisings. âž ¢ Reduce use of women as sex objects in Ads. âž ¢ Banned on alcohol tobacco ad. âž ¢ Reduce using of false claims info. âž ¢ Careful about social values consumer rights. ↠ These are some initial steps which improve advertising efficiency. Efficient advertising and sales promotion schemes increase profit of organization. So, it helpful to meet organization goals. [pic] †¢ PHILIP KOTLER, Marketing Management †¢ Monthly Magazine issued by company †¢ Mr.B.Devamaindhan, Advertising management and Sales promotion †¢ Web based information CONCLUSION †¢ Design good layout and message of advertising to make it effective. †¢ Organize sales promotion programs to increase sales volume and repeat purchase. †¢ Care about ethical issues and social values. †¢ Provide quality service to the customers. †¢ Use reliable schemes to promote consumers. A FINANCIAL REPORT ON ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED Cash Flow statement of UltraTech Cement Limited |Profit before tax |1,361.46 |1,507.01 |1,166.19 |285.59 |43.24 | |Net cash flow-operating activity|1,457.57 |1,375.26 |1,113.09 |551.63 |337.42 | |Net cash used in investing |-1,645.43 |-1,441.79 |-1,046.25 |-357.24 |-87.18 | |activity | | | | | | |Net cash used in fin. Activity |191.66 |77.63 |-38.84 |-191.02 |-235.81 | |Net inc/dec in cash and |3.80 |11.10 |27.99 |3.37 |14.43 | |equivalent | | | | | | |Cash and equivalent begin of |100.69 |89.59 |61.60 |58.23 |41.83 | |year | | | | | | |Cash and equivalent end of year |104.49, |100.69, |89.59, |61.60 |56.6 | Dividend Sheet of UltraTech Cement YEARMONTH DIVIDEND (%) |2009 |Apr | | | | |50 | |2008 |Apr | | | | |50 | |2007 |Mar | | | | |40 | |2006 |Jul | | | | |18 | |2005 |Apr | | | | |8 | |2004 |Sep | 5 | Annual results in brief – UltraTech Cement Limited |   |Mar 09 |Mar 08 |Mar 07 |Mar 06 |Mar 05 | |Sales |6,436.96 |5,509.22 |4,910.83 |3,299.45 | | | | | | | |2,681.05 | |Operating profit |1,760.29 |1,720.06 |1,417.81 |554.26 |272.81 | |Interest |125.51 |75.67 |86.83 |89.64 | | | | | | | |106.88 | |Gross profit |1,684.46 |1,744.24 |1,392.44 |501.62, | | | | | | | |188.18 | |EPS (Rs) |78.48 |80.94 |62.84 |18.46 |0.23 | Profit loss account |   |Mar 09 |Mar 08 |Mar 07 |Mar 06 |Mar 05 | |Income | | | | | | |Operating income |6,385.50 |5,512.43 |4,909.05 |3,299.45 |2,681.05 | |Expenses | | | | | | |Material consumed |1,193.97 |1,008.92 |902.06 |733.72 |609.13 | |Manufacturing expenses   |1,805.56 |1,314.78 |1,194.54 |958.30 |839.40 | |Personnel expenses |216.76 |171.55 |117.22 |92.26 |72.96 | |Selling expenses |1,256.46 |1,143.02 |1,137.66 |843.99 |650.98 | |Administrative expenses |177.93 |160.03 |133.93 |109.57 |137.36 | |Expenses capitalized |-8.38 |-13.37 |- |- |- | |Cost of sales |4,642.30 |3,784.93 |3,485.41 |2,737.84 |2,309.83 | |Operating profit |1,743.20 |1,727.50 |1,423.64 |561.61 |371.22 | |Other recurring income |99.29 |87.31 |57.65 |23.11 |21.70 | |Adjusted PBDIT |1,842.49 |1,814.81 |1,481.29 |584.72 |392.92 | |Financial expenses |134.09 |81.93 |92.61 |96.99 |128.05 | |Depreciation   |323.00 |237.23 |226.25 |216.03 |221.78 | |Other write offs |- |- |- |- |- | |Adjusted PBT |1,385.40 |1,495.65 |1,16 2.43 |271.70 |43.09 | |Tax charges |384.44 |499.40 |383.91 |55.83 |-36.45 | |Adjusted PAT |1,000.96 |996.25 |778.52 |215.87 |79.54 | |Non recurring items |-23.94 |11.36 |3.76 |1.48 |-77.24 | |Other non cash adjustments |- |- |- |12.41 |0.55 | |Reported net profit |977.02 |1,007.61 |782.28 |229.76 |2.85 | |Earning before appropriation |2,575.14 |1,782.77 |962.85 |239.87 |20.77 | |Equity dividend |62.24 |62.24 |49.79 |21.79 |9.33 | |Preference dividend |- |- |- |- |- | |Dividend tax |10.58 |10.58 |6.98 |3.06 |1.33 | |Retained earnings |2,502.32 |1,709.95 |906.08 |215.02 |10.11 | SUBSTANCE: Observing this financial report we say the company is in good condition financially. The gross profit of this company was 188.18 in Mar 05’ and it increased 1496.28 in Mar 09’. We find a steady growth of UltraTech cement limited in six year. Company’s dividend jump 5 – 50 in six year only (2004 – 2009). Net profit was 2.85 in Mar 05’ and 977.02 in Mar 09’. Advertising expenses of UltraTech cement limited jump 605.48 point in six years (04 – 05). Advertising expenses of this company increases cause of advertising formulation strategy being changed. Company wants to capture potential market by good advertising and sales promotion activities. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] PCS SILO1 PCS SILO2 BALL MILL Step 1 THUMBNAIL SKETCHES STEP 2 ROUGH STEP 3 COMPREHENSIVE STEP 4 PASTE UP OR MECHANICAL DEFINING THE SALES PROMOTION TARGET SETTING SALES PROMOTION OBJECTIVES SETTING THE SALESPROMOTION BUDGET DEVELOPING THE SALES PROMOTION STRATEGY SELECTING TYPE OF SALES PROMOTION COORDINATING THE PLAN EVALUATING SALES PROMOTION EFFECTIVENESS SHARE OF MARKET SHARE OF MIND AND HEART SHARE OF VOICE SHARE OF EXPENDITURES

Dealing with various types of emergency procedures Essay Example for Free

Dealing with various types of emergency procedures Essay The following sets out the principles for dealing with various types of emergency procedures within schools is given as guidance only. Fire other emergencies In the event of fire other emergencies (such as gas leak, flood bomb scare) buildings need to be evacuated quickly but safely. In all schools there should be clear, detailed procedures on evacuation which must be displayed in each area of the school. These procedures should give information on: How to raise the alarm in the event of an emergency. What to do if you hear the fire alarm. The nearest assembly point – this may be a playground, sports field or even a nearby evacuation centre/safety perimeter following instructions from police. Registers should be available so staff can account for the safety whereabouts of all the children. The route you should take – this should include a plan of the route from each room or area of the school, detailing the nearest fire exits. No staff or children should be allowed to stop to collect personal belongings or put on coats. Must not re-enter the building until you have been informed it is safe to do so. Security There should be security in place in schools to minimise the risks to children. As a teaching assistant, you must know what these are follow the procedures at all times. These procedures should include: Security locks on doors. Signing in procedures/visitor badges (you should be able to identify all visitors to the school by badges. If unsure about someone you see on the school grounds, always report your concern to someone higher). Procedures for collection of younger children. Registration. Missing children While security measures should minimise the risk of children going missing, it is vitally important that you follow the school guidelines. As a teaching assistant, you may be asked to accompany children on school visits to supervise a group of children. All staff present on such visits should make regular checks that all children are present. Some schools may require all the children to wear hi-visibility vests or other items which make them easily identifiable during school outings. On discovering children are missing, you must take the following immediate action: Report to the teacher responsible. Ensure the presence safety of the other children by checking the register. Check all surrounding areas from where the child/Children have gone missing, whether it is in the school grounds or during an outing. Inform the child/children’s parents.

Integrating Leadership into Professional Practice

Integrating Leadership into Professional Practice Every organization requires good leadership to ensure successful team building (Marquis Huston, 2003) and effective management of the organization (Perra, 2000) as well as personal fulfillment. In the past, health care system was a bureaucratic organization that was locked by hierarchical models type management (Thyer, 2003). However, due to advanced in technology, information and communication; changes in politics, demographic, social economics status and patients expectation toward health care system, traditional task- orientated, routine and habitual nursing management style no longer able to meet the evolving health care system. Therefore, it is crucial for current health care worker especially nurses to integrate leadership in health care management to meet the needs of contemporary professional nursing practice and consumers requirement and expectation (Sofarelli Brown, 1998). As senior medical assistant with 10 years working experiences. Currently I am practicing at a hospital based orthopeadic department in Northern Hospital. Our unit comprises four units, orthopeadic wards, Trauma operating theater, Orthopeadic clinic, Rehabilitation unit and emergency observation room. In fact, through our professional background, as a health worker, we are well trained for the decision making skill to deal with immediate patient care, such as dislocation, polytrauma, polyfracture, fat embolism, compartment syndrome and etc. Leaders have, for the most part, been concerned with orientating the profession to focus upon developing nursing practice (Salvage, 1989). As a senior Medical assistant other than giving services to the client who came to hospital to seek the treatment , I also assign to manage newly qualify staff nurses and medical assistants to makes sure that all the job done by them is following Standard Operating Procedures and helping them to get their opport unity to upgrade their knowledge. These are our new government policy and know as monitoring internship programme. According to Chua (2006) newly graduated nurses are now required to undergo a one year practical before they can earn their Annual Practice Certificate and this is part of the efforts to arrest the decline in nursing standards in public hospitals as health centers. This paper discussed about leadership quality in my organization when mentoring newly qualified staff nurses and medical assistants. As mention by Charnley (1999) the transition from student to staff nurse has always been seen as a challenging and stressful time in the working life of a nurse. In my view to lead and contributes to the development of an organization and provides professional leadership to the practice nursing team, we must have good knowledge, attitude, skills and capability. As a mentor I have to facilitate personal and professional development through identifying gaps in knowledge and skills, encouraging reflection and providing structure feedback to enable the newly qualified nurses develop and expand their practice with safety and confidence and improve standards of care. According to Clancy (2004) although employers can influence the quality of patient care, it is the qualities of individual nurses which have a more direct effect on the way patients are looked af ter. There are numerous texts providing definitions of leadership. Marquis and Huston (2003) defined leadership as a process of empowering beliefs, moving, persuading and influencing others toward a goal mostly without any force or threat. According to Yulk (1998) leadership is commonly defined as a process of influence in which the leader influences others toward goal achievement. Meanwhile Cohen (2004) stated leadership is the best tactic that one can use to motivate others and renew interest in others in attaining goals that are for the good of all. There are three style of leadership which are autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire, as cited in Kelly-Heidenthal (2003). Autocratic leadership involves centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others. Democratic leadership is participatory, with authority delegated to others. The third style, laisser-faire leadership, is passive and permissive and the leader differs decision making. These approaches are still apparent today (Carvey, 1999), and can be used interchangeably to response to various situations. (Marquis Huston, 2000). The autocratic style can be seen as high power tactics over the group leaving very little for others to actively become involved with process changes or improvements. (Mintzberg, 1979) this style is use when the leader tells her subordinates what she want to be done and how she want it done, without getting the advice of her followers. Subordinates behavior is closely controlled through such means as punishment, reward, arbitrary rules and task orientation. According to Fieder (1967) the autocratic leadership style is based on the assumption that the leader knows everything and what is best for their organization. Subordinates cannot be trusted to do what is right for the organization. Because of this, autocratic leadership usually leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. The democratic method of leadership style is seen as the most productive within a group setting because this offers chances for their group to become one in decision making with the leader identifying individual strengths or weakness and guides the group with motivating questions and suggestions. However, the leader maintains the final decision-making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness; rather it is a sign of strength that your subordinates will respect. According to (Kelly, 2003) the democratic leadership style encourages subordinates participant and professional growth and promotes greater job satisfaction and improved morale. The laissez-faire style allows the subordinates to make the decision. This French phase means leave it be and is used to describe a leader who leaves her colleagues to get on with their work ( Kumar, 2006). It can be effective if the leader monitors what is being achieved and communicates this feed back to her team regularly. However, the leader is still responsible for decisions that are made. This is used when subordinates are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. According to Daft Marcic (2001) unfortunately, the laissez-faire leadership style can also refer to situations where managers are not exerting sufficient control. Mentoring the mentorship programmed had given me the opportunity to use several of leadership style to lead the newly qualified staffs to achieve their goal and to enhance the quality of the patient care. Continuous Professional Development activities definitely improved knowledge and skill to assist newly qualified staffs in patients health education effectively, to encourage the newly qualified staffs to attend Continuous Professional Development program I use the democratic leadership style. The democratic leadership style encourages each individual to give suggestion and new ideas, and let them to decide whice the activities in Continuous Professional Development they want to attend, each individual feel valued and motivated. I also practice the autocratic style of leadership but on rare occasions especially in maintaining the Standard Operating Procedure. I will guide and coach them to develop their skills and gives them motivation to influence productivity and will provide the good quality of care to the patients. The current type of leadership is transactional leadership. Transactional leadership categorized as traditional leadership which concernig day-to-day operation in unchanged organizational system (Marquis Huston, 2003; Lindholm et al., 2000). Transactional leader represent by efficient managers that focus at on hand task, solve immediate problems, communicate clear expectation to their staff and give reward to good performance (Tatum et al., 2003). In transformational leadership, leaders and followers are able to raise each other to higher levels of morality, motivation and productivity (Marquis Huston, 2003; Lindholm et al., 2000; Spitzer- Lehmann, 1994). Transformational leader value organizational culture (Marquis Huston, 2003).Therefore, effective communication is crucial for leader and follower to share the goals and culture of the organization (Marquis Huston, 2003). The transformational leadership is the preferred model to manage todays complex and rapid ever changing healthcare environment. Transformational leadership is an empowering leadership style and one which is highly suited to the profession of nursing. Burn (1978) as cited in Kelly-Heidenthal (2003), described a transformational leader as one who empowers others. Empowerment is the process by which we facilitate the participation of others on decision-making and power sharing. Graetz, et al. (2006) described empowerment as redistribution of decision-making to involve employee or worker participation. By educating and motivating staff to practice transformational leadership, eventually the team will mature and create strong team building and high performing working culture. Hence increase health care service standard and promote cost effectiveness for the organization (Thyer, 2003). A leadership style that is empowering nurse in decision-making enable nursing practices to shift from traditional boundaries to new and effective practices. This is because health care professionals are continuing facing great challenges in dealing with patients with complicated problems. This means that nurses and nursing leaders have to be good decision-makers. However, many nursing leaders in Malaysia are adopting the hierarchal models of leadership styles which limit nurse empowerment in decision-making. This model makes it difficult for nurses to gain confidence in decision-making and skills in assertiveness and negotiations, hence prefer to adopt a submissive approach towards those who control the organizations. What is the difference between leadership and management? It is a question that has been asked more than once and also been answered in many different ways. The huge difference between managers and leaders is the way they motivate the personal who work with them. Kotter (1990) describes the differences between leadership and management in following way, Leadership is about creating change and management is about controlling complexity in an effort to bring order and consistency. Stated by Bennis Nanus (1985) managers are people who do things right and the leaders are people who do the right things. Management is defined as the action to plan, organize, direct and control staff (Marriner-Tomey, 1996). According to Allen (1998) a leader used specific skills to inspire the work of others, all leaders are not necessarily managers and all managers are not necessarily leaders, however, to be an effective manager, one must have strong leadership quality and personality. A leader is differe nt from being a manager from the following categories their point of views, actions, goals, motivation and the extent of their authority (Fieder, 1967). According to Swansburg (1996) skill of both managers and leaders are needed for successful operation of any organization. It would easy, if indeed possible, for an organization to achieve their goals if a manager did not know how to lead as well as manage. According to Grohar (1992), newly qualified nurses have found mentoring to be a useful tool for career development especially at the beginning of their career and specific defining moments such as a change of work roll. Mentoring has been accepted as a guiding of inexperienced subordinates but not at all monitoring result in the growth of the mentee. According to Hanna (1999) the young leader will learn a lot on her own and not be spoon-fed to gain knowledge from someone past experiences. This topic has attempted to broaden the understanding of the subject of leadership in nursing and to develop the theme that leadership to bridge some of gap between theory and practice in nursing, the development of the leadership, the application of leadership skills is up to us. It can only be gained through actual experience and experimentation. Actualizing goals in todays health care arena requires nurse managers to be excellent change agents and role models. Effective leadership in nursing requires skills that are both taught and practically learnt Burns (1978). According to Fielder (1967) the leadership theory a nurse choose should reflect her ideals and be one she can most effectively use. Nurses who assume leadership and management roles need to be creative thinkers, in their work demand and have to oversee that everyone else is fulfilling their duties and the patient care is of the best. In my view a good management and leadership skills are very important in this current increasing awareness of organization to meet their demands and provide excellent nursing care practices. A good leader will be able to implement effective leadership which will help to achieve unit goal by involvement by unit staffs. (2006 words)

The Ghost in Kenneth Brannaghs Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Ess

The Ghost in Kenneth Brannagh's Hamlet William Shakespeare's Hamlet is a drama which has been renound for its content and depiction of characters. Over the years, it has gone through many variations of interpretations and criticisms. One such criticism is the nature of the ghost who takes the form of Hamlet's dead father. At first glance, it may be sufficient to accept the ghost as the spirit of Hamlet's dead father who returns to the land of the living in order to have his son avenge his murder. However, looking deeper into the text, several unignorable signs become visible which lead us to see that the ghost is actually the devil in disguise. Kenneth Brannagh's 1997 production of Hamlet brilliantly portrays these signs of evil and cynicism. The Devil had an agenda from the very beginning: to cause havoc in the royal family, leading to the downfall of the crown of Denmark. After King Hamlet's death, the Devil saw this as its perfect opportunity to begin the first stage of its plan. It was aware of Hamlet's hatred toward his uncle Claudius, who came between Hamlet and his rightful seat on the throne. It was aware of Hamlet's disgust with his mother's incestuous marriage to her brother-in-law. And it was aware of Hamlet's despair over losing his father who he dearly loved and admired. In Brannagh's film, we see Francisco (the guard outside the castle walls) startled by the ghost, who motions for his sword. This is the second time the ghost has appeared and the guards are both afraid and confused. They then call upon Horatio, Hamlet's dear friend to witness the vision to confirm their fears. When Horatio arrived, the ghost appeared once again in "that fair and warlike form / In which the majesty of buried Denmark / Did ... ...er Claudius. Hamlet goes mad, which is pains Ophelia. Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius out of rage, then Ophelia dies after going mad due to the madness of Hamlet and the death of her father. Laretes comes home to find his father dead, later finding out his sister dead, then conspires a plot with Claudius to kill Hamlet. This dual ends in the deaths of Claudius, Larates, Gertrude, Hamlet, and later we find out that Rozencranz and Guildenstern have been killed. The death of King Hamlet began a chain reaction which inevitably leads to the downfall of the royal family of Denmark. The Devil has succeeded in its plan by skillfully choosing Hamlet to carry out its dirty work. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. In The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty, and J. Paul Hunter. W.W. Norton & Company: New York. 1995. (1306-1404).

Artificial Intelligence :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Artificial intelligence is the study of how to makes computers do things which, at the moment, people do better. This definition is vague because of its reference to the current state of computer science. Artificial intelligence is a combination of computer science, physiology and philosophy. AI is a broad topic including many different fields, from machine vision to expert systems. AI can be described as the attempt to build machines that think and act like humans, that are able to learn and to use their knowledge to solve problems on their own. The element that is common in the fields of AI is the creation of machines that can â€Å"think†. Artificial intelligence has come a long way form its early roots, driven by dedicated researches. AI really began to fascinate researches with the invention of the computers in 1943. The technology was finally available, or so it seemed to stimulate intelligent behavior. Over the next four decades, despite many stumbli ng blocks, AI has grown from a dozen researches, to thousands of engineers and specialists; and from programs capable of playing checkers, to system designed to diagnose disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ability to solve any problem no matter how big or small, it measures the intelligence in many different contexts. Intelligent machines cannot really serve any practical purpose unless the computers could cope with the big problem, which people overcome as a matter of routine. AI is a new step that is very helpful to the society. Machines can do jobs that require detailed instructions followed and mental alertness. AI with its learning capabilities can accomplish those tasks but only if the world’s conservatives are ready to change and allow this to be a possibility. There are many capabilities of AI. The more use we get out of the machines he less work is required by us. There would be less injuries and stress to human beings. Human beings learn by trying so we must be prepared to give a chance to AI. There is always that fear if AI is learning based, will machines learn that being rich and successful is a good thing? There are so many things that can g o wrong with a new system so we must be as prepared as we can for this new technology. Research into the areas of learning, of language and of sensory perception has aided scientists in building intelligent machines.

The Cuban Missile Crisis :: American America History

The Cuban Missile Crisis The world was at the edge of a third world war. This was the result of a variety of things: the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cuba's fear of invasion all made causes for war. However, war was not the result due to great cooperation from both President Kennedy and President Khrushchev and each of the decisions made by the leaders was crucial in the outcome of The Crisis. Kennedy's choice to take action by means of quarantine instead of air-strike and Khrushchev's decision to abide by the quarantines were perhaps the two most significant decisions made by the leaders in order to prevent war. The Cuban Missile Crisis showed the world that compromising and discussion can in-fact prevent war. As Khrushchev said in 1962, "They talk about who won and who lost. Human reason won. Mankind won." 1 The world had almost seen another world war, the effects of which would have been devastating because of the weapons involved. Humanity, indeed, was the prevention of the war. The Cuban Revolution was a background cause to the crisis. On January 1st, 1959 a Marxist regime in Cuba would have seemed unlikely. To the communist party in Cuba, Fidel Castro appeared tempestuous, irresponsible and stubbornly bourgeois. In 1943 President Batista appointed a communist to his Cabinet, as he used communists as leaders of the labor unions. Batista started to fail the Cuban communists and their loyalties transferred gradually to Castro, completely by 1958. On December 1st, 1961 Castro declared himself a Marxist and claimed he had always been a revolutionary, studying Das Kapital of Karl Marx. Most Cubans idolized Castro, supported his government and at least accepted his measures.2 He claimed to have a desire to help the poor and said he would have found it impossible to follow the dictates of a single philosophy. His first action in power was to reduce all rents on the island, making the land owners, many of who were American, unhappy. In 1960 Castro was swiftly pushi ng Cuba to the left, and as a result many Cubans left, along with the American investors. There was so much opposition to Castro's developments that he created a Committee for Defense of the Revolution out of fear of invasion from the US, internal guerrilla uprisings, and black marketing "counterrevolutionary activity".

Discussion Topic – Egocentric Thinking

How does conducting research move you away from the problem of egocentric thinking that was discussed on page 21 in the Paul and Elder critical thinking booklet? As humans we are sometimes stuck in our own beliefs. We believe what we are told and what we've always known. â€Å"We do not naturally appreciate the point of view of others nor the limitations in our own point of view† (Simmons, 2011). By conducting research, we are able to encounter other views that are more factual with actual research behind it. We only have so much to offer based on our experiences.If we research other's work from around the world, we are now open to so many more possibilities. A critical thinker is one that would research often to find multiple perspectives and then take that Information to form an educated response. A non- critical thinker would be the one to stick to their own beliefs based on what they know from personal experience. * How might conducting your inquiry research project contri bute to your professional knowledge base, rather than relying on your intuitive knowledge base to make decisions?By conducting my own Inquiry research project, I will be able to see many perspectives and ideas related to my topic by professionals from all over. Because I am a new teacher, I really rely on other's work because they've had so much more experience than me. They've put in the time for all that research that I would have never known otherwise. We all live in different areas so my research results may only work for the student's In my area. It's important to get a variety of research so that you can compile them to get a more well-rounded result.How does the skill of making decisions based on critically reviewing and conducting research differentiate you as a professional educator? By making decisions based on reviewing and research, differentiates me because I am not Just taking what I know from my own classroom and sticking with what I know. I am able to research profes sional articles to open my mind and allow new ideas in. A teacher that researches often and tries new ideas in their classroom, will have more of an Impact and become a better-rounded professional with much more to add to this profession.

Dispositional vs. Biological Theory Essay

Dispositional personality theories are quite different from biological personality theories. The two will be compared and dissected in this article. The Big Five Personality Test will also be analyzed and how it is used to study personality will be examined. Dispositional personality theories contend that each person per certain stable, long lasting dispositions. These dispositions make a person display certain emotions, attitudes, and behaviors. These dispositions appear in many different kinds of situations, which lends the belief that people behave in predictable ways even when they are in different situations. The theory also states that each person has a different set of dispositions, or that their sets of dispositions have different strengths which assembles a unique pattern. There are two different types of dispositional theories, type and trait theories. Type theories assign people to different categories. These categories depend on the individual’s temperament. Hippoc rates and Galen suggest temperament is based on body fluids (which sounds a bit outlandish). Blood is said to represent the sanguine temperament. This is a person who is warmhearted, optimistic, and laid back. Phlegm is a phlegmatic person who is lethargic, calm, and slow to action (when one thinks about this in relation to actual phlegm it is quite disgusting). Black bile is a melancholic person, an individual who might be very sad and depressed. Last but not least, is yellow bile, which represents a choleric personality. A choleric personality is someone who is angry, assertive, and quick to action. The theory states that whichever body fluid is highest determines the personality type. As a modern person this theory sounds implausible. If one has a cold, and therefore more phlegm does that change their personality? And for how long does the personality change last? As long as the cold lasts  or longer? The other type of dispositional personality theories is trait theories. Trait theories assume people have many traits that are continuing qualities that individuals have in different amounts. Allport’s theory suggests that there are 3 main traits: central, secondary, and cardinal. A central trait is a characteristic that controls and organizes behavior in various situations. A secondary trait can be described as a preference and is specific to certain situations. A cardinal trait is very general and pervasive. It is so pervasive that an individual is governed by it and it dictates everything a person does. The limitations to dispositional theories are that they describe people more than they strive to understand them. It is also confining to think of a personality being put into a box instead of being given room to grow and change as lives and experiences evolve. As an individual one does not like to think they are always to have the same personality or be the same for their entire lifetimes. One wants to learn, grow and change as they experience life instead of depending on the levels of body fluid they might have on a particular day. The strengths are that they helped develop objective personality tests that have become very common in personality assessment. Biological theories suggest genetics have a big part to play in personality. Some have suggested that people with high cortical arousal are introverts who avoid stimulation. While individuals with low cortical arousal are extroverts who look for stimulating experiences. These may be genetic. One would think that biology does indeed play a part in personality; especially in younger years before life experiences alter one’s personality. This author has seen it in babies. One child leans strongly towards the father’s personality, more serious, organized, bossy, and controlling. The other child, although very close in age and with the same parents leans more towards the mother’s personality, carefree, messy, easily laughs, silly, and fun. They are too young to yet have life that has influenced how they behave, but naturally their personality mimics that of their different parents. This lends the belief that while biology may not dictate one’s personality for one’s entire life, certain traits can indeed be passed down through generations. The strengths of biological theories are that one may observe previous generations and make decisions based on the personalities of those before them, either copying success or avoiding pitfalls. The limita tion is that one is not  confined to be just like parents. One has the freedom of choice in how they conduct themselves and that can change one’s personality over time. The Big Five Personality Test is a test that determines the strongest personality traits an individual possesses. There are 5 broad dimensions of personality used to describe an individual’s personality. The five factors are neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness. The test determines which factor is the highest, lowest, and the ones that fall in between. This author took the test, and in this time of life, found it to be fairly accurate. The highest score was agreeableness and that plays out regularly in everyday life. The Big Five Personality test helps one study personality over time because it gives a way for one to measure personality changes over time. One can also see how traits relate to other variables such as confidence, music preferences, and more. One can also observe how different stages of life change which traits are dominant. Overall, dispositional and biological personality theories give one a lot of insight into personality, whether it is correct or not, it is a way to delve deeper into oneself to learn about motivations and behavior. Some theories seem a little crazy, such as type theories, and others make a little more sense and give insight into the behaviors of others and oneself. The personality test is the most interesting of all, giving yourself a glimpse into your personality and how it changes over time. References Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T. (2013). Theories of personality (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Psychology Today. (2011). Big five personality test. Retrieved from http://psychologytoday.tests.psychtests.com/take_test.php?idRegTest=1297