What Is the Impact on Airplane Pilots Work Hours and Stress on Flight Safety free essay sample

Accuracy means something to me. Its vital to my sense of values. Ive learned not to trust people who are inaccurate. Every aviator knows that if mechanics are inaccurate, aircraft crash. If pilots are inaccurate, they get lost—sometimes killed. In my profession life itself depends on accuracy. † –Charles A. Lindbergh Accuracy includes precision, if you aren’t paying attention how will anything ever be exact and precise? The time pilots spend behind the controls of an air craft can be anywhere from one hour to fifteen hours. The first and last twenty minutes of a flight are the most dangerous and stressful time for pilots, take-off, taxiing from gate to runway and back and touchdown. After fifteen hours of concentration the pilots usually won’t have enough energy to safely land the plane. So what is the impact on airplane pilots work hours and stress on flight safety? Pilots get stressed after fifteen hours of flying this is without any other factors that distract them from work. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Impact on Airplane Pilots Work Hours and Stress on Flight Safety? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The article Air India Pilots Threaten Indefinite Strike tells about the hardships of many pilots in India. A large number of our members (pilots) have informed us that owing to the psychological stress that they are under and bearing in mind the safety of passengers; they will be unable to operate flights on and after April 1st, until the management clears all the dues. † (Indo Asian News Service) They later state, â€Å"Many have taken loans for their flying training, other share commitments to their parents and children, and many have complained that banks are hounding them to repay their loans. † (IANS) This shows that the people who are flying planes have other things that are also on their mind. Preoccupied, stressed out about problems at home won’t help with the problems of paying of the loans of their training. Airlines should make a conscious effort to help out pilots so they don’t have to be stressed with outside things while on the job. â€Å"Family first† a common cliche used in the world, this would explain why many pilots complain about family troubles while at work. The European Union is trying to help airline pilot. They are trying to reduce pilot’s hours from 15 hours to 14 hours at daylight and 12 hours at night. Alex Derry) The European Cockpit Association Wants still more of a reduction on the number of hours that the pilots can work. (Alex Derry) The work hours are not the same numbers of hours they are sitting at the controls. They usually work be between 8 to 15 hours a day and only 13 to 6 are actually behind the controls of the aircraft cockpit. The hours are 1 to 2 hours more for work but still create stress on the pilots. The United Kingdom currently leads the way with the least amount of time pilots can fly continentally. Their regulations allow for the maximum hours a pilot can fly to be 10 hours and 15 minutes. They are trying to get an exemption from the European Union’s vote so that they can feel their pilots are safe. It is great to see the number of countries that turn their heads to be aware of this increase. Then there are nations like Britain already passing laws to limit hours on already existing regulations. Then there are also countries like the United States that are doing research to test the limits of the human body that the world can then use. Additionally an interview by Denmark’s Politiken a pilot explained how he flew even though he felt unfit to fly as well as fatigued. The pilot comments, â€Å"I thought that I should declare myself unfit, but flew nonetheless, during the flight, I made a lot of small mistakes, but luckily nothing happened. † Many pilots feel that they will lose their job if they don’t show up to work because they are sick. A law was actually installed to make sure pilots didn’t fly if they felt unfit to fly. Still in a survey taken in 2010, 61 pilots were asked if they had piloted an aircraft when they had felt unit to fly, 80% said they had and they felt pressured to do it. Another 34% said they had flown unfit five times in the past five years. (Alex Derry) If the passengers in the plane had known this they might not have flown the plane that trip. It’s a daunting thought that as you sit in the airplane your pilot may be sleeping and you would never know about it. The ICE (Inter City Express) trains in Germany have installed petals that must be pressed every minute to 30 seconds otherwise the train will shut off automatically. Something like this maybe a good idea on planes to make sure the pilot or the co-pilot stays awake. This could also help air traffic controllers and the Federal Aviation Administration see and curve the amount of planes where pilots fall asleep. So the question arises, why do the pilots feel pressured? Workers for many airlines are under constant strain of work because or the budget cuts within the company. (Eastern Worker) Often companies seem to not acknowledge that they make their employees work so hard. What makes the company pressure the pilots? How the companies have handles the rise of fuel prices is by cutting personnel, meaning the people who are left need to work more hours to fill the spots of the people that left. To create a scenario, you fly from Gainesville to Charlotte and back two times every day. US Airways decides they don’t have to money to pay another pilot and you receive their hours too. Now you will fly back and forth four times. The time you now get to spend with your family has been decreased so you worry more about what is happening at home and you get less free time so you get less time to rest. So another pilot gets dismissed so US Airways has you running the max hours they can every day for regional flights, 10 hours. This means you spend every second night in Gainesville and one in Charlotte, unless there is an open seat on the returning flight. It is easy to see how the company can make it so the pilot could be so stressed about his or her work. A story by the Eastern Worker tells of a tragedy that occurred from lack of sleep of an Air India pilot. On May 22, 2010 a flight from Dubai to Mangalore killed 158 passengers and crew and left only 8 people alive. The pilot was suffering from â€Å"sleep inertia. † He fell asleep and didn’t wake up until the plane was on its decent. When he reached the airport’s landing strip he only had 244 meters left, he had over flown the other 2,156 meters of runway. The plane ended up hitting a wall and sliding into the adjoining valley. The black box which contains vital flight information was found and they heard cockpit noises of deep snoring and heavy breathing and an argument after touchdown whether or not to take off again. (Eastern Worker) Eliminating arguments between the captain and the co-pilot could have saved the plane but then it would depend who is right the pilot isn’t always correct. As the plane needs a certain length of runway to safely land this should be the overall determiner to whether or not the plan could land. This is an extreme case of what can happen. The pilot fell asleep for half the flight and then he wakes up and is disoriented and has a slow reaction time when it comes time to land the plane. Not all cases are like this though. In 2006, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and Delta signed an agreement authorizing Delta pilots to fly 16-17 hour flights between the U. S. and India. Aviation Today’s Daily Brief) These are very long hours of work for the pilots so before they are allowed to fly again they must rest 48 hours before departing on the return leg. This spied lawsuits about how long the pilots must rest the final decision lay at 48 hours minimum to 96 hours maximum. June 2008, the FAA held an aviation fatigue management conference; it was the first event ever that focused on fatigue in all aspects of aviation; whether it occurr ed aboard an aircraft, in the hanger, enroute, or in air traffic control towers. This provided scientists data to work on something. The research shows that relatively little is known about the subtle effects of fatigue on the performance of flight crew during normal long haul flight operations. (Aviation Today’s Daily Brief) The research was aimed to find three big things, to get more current data and information on fatigue physiology, develop common theories about fatigue as well as identify challenges, and finally, make connections to make new moving patterns for goods. This experiment was done using crews of airplane staff and testing their reflexes in real life situations. The were two groups, a rested group that had gotten four days in a row off after a long haul flight and a second group that had just gotten off the long haul flight. Needless to say the group with the four days of no work did better in the scenarios. The simulator they were put in made them fly a normal route with a series of operational threats to create more stress and work for the crew. The results showed the FAA what needs to be worked on to create a better performance while flying long haul flights. The results also showed the little amount we know about fatigue and the affects on humans. So what is the impact on airplane pilots work hours and stress on flight safety? Pilots are impacted by stress and long work hours. The safety of the plane is at risk as soon as the pilot is sleep deprived or under strain. Ususally this is not a problem but in extreme cases it is. I think that airline companies need to put a limit on the number of hours a pilot can fly this should be decided on by research into such things. On the

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN HUMAN SOCIETY essays

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN HUMAN SOCIETY essays WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN HUMAN SOCIETY? Be the government a dictorcratic, autocratic or democratic, all these have one thing in common and that is to rule the citizens under its power as established by the ruling citizens and or parties. Any government form will fight to preserve its sovereignty from both foreign and domestic enemies. Based on all wants and needs of the governing party and the people associated, laws are established to tax the people and develop both a working force and militia for the society and to establish penalties for any that would violate such laws and oppose the current government. Government is a leadership from of society structuring in which a person or a group of people act in behalf of those that placed the leadership on them, be it a birth-right, family position, an election, or a nomination. The simplest form of government is that of the basic family unit. Where there is a single-family head over all the other members. The family head judges and balances all the families wants and needs based on the resources of the family and its capabilities. In most instances the head is one of the family elders who has: sound knowledge and wisdom about most matters affecting the family. The head acts for the betterment of the family and all associated with it by either marriage or other agreements. A government is a protective body set up to protect the people from domestic and foreign threats. Insuring that all citizens share the cost. A government is like a scale, balancing the needs and the wants of' the people. The government is established through individuals being elected to represent the citizens in its community, state and nation. These individuals establish laws to be voted on by the citizens. These laws are set up to protect and provide for the people. Balancing the needs of everyone fairly. The government is also the banker who collects and dispenses the money it needs in orde ...

Old ACT Scores How to Get and Use Them

Old ACT Scores How to Get and Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you graduate from college years ago and now a prospective employer is asking for your ACT scores? Or perhaps you took time off after high school and now have to send your ACT scores to colleges. In either case, you'll need to know how to access your old ACT scores. In this article, I'll explain how to get and use old ACT scores.I'll walk you through the process of retrieving old scores and sending score reports for any ACT tests you took long ago. Why Would You Need Old ACT Scores? Believe it or not, some employers do request standardized test scores.Most employers who look at old ACT scores arein the investment banking and consulting industries. Education and tutoring companies might also ask for your ACT scores, especially if you're applying for a job in the fun-filled world of test prep. In addition, if you took time off between high school and college, or if you left college and are now reapplying to schools, you might need to send ACT score reports to the schools you're applying to. In this case, you'll need to look at each school's website to verify whether or not you need your old ACT scores. In general, standardized test scores are not required if you graduated from high school more than five years ago. How Do You Get an Old ACT Score? There are a few ways to get your old ACT scores depending on when you took the test. If You Tested in Spring 2008 or Later ACT scores are available online from spring 2008 to the present.To view your scores online, you must have anACT account. If you registered online when you originally took the test, you already have an account and can simply log in to access your scores. If you don't have an online account, you can create one. However, you'll need to know your ACT ID number in order to access your scores. You can find your ACT ID number on your admission ticket and official ACT score report, which was sent to the high school and colleges you requested. It's an eight-digit number that begins with a dash. If you can't find your ACT ID, call ACT, Inc. to get it.Prepare as much identifying information as possible to help the agents locate your ID; this includes the following: Your full name Your test date Your home address (when you tested) Your birth date The phone number for ACT, Inc. is 319-337-1270. If You Tested Before Spring 2008 If you tested before the spring of 2008, you can't get your scores online. However, ACT, Inc. can use microfiche to find scores from as far back as the fall of 1966.If you tested before the spring of 2008, call ACT, Inc. at the number above to try to locate your scores. Again, have as much identifying information as possible on hand to help the agent find your score. You should know your test date (at least the year) and your address at the time. How to Send an ACT Score Report for an Old Test ACT scores are archived for tests taken before September 1, 2015.If a score is archived, it's not in the active file. There's anadditional $24 fee for finding and sending archived ACT score reports. Additionally, report requests for archived scores take an additional working day to process. We look at the different types of ACT score reports and required fees in more detail below. Fees for Sending ACT Score Reports As you might've guessed, fees are unfortunately higher if you're trying to send old ACT scores. Regular Reports A regular score report is always processed within one week after your request is received. ACT, Inc. delivers reports to colleges and agencies you've selected based on their preferred schedule, which is typically at least every two weeks. ACT score reports for tests taken after September 1, 2015, cost $13 per test date per report, while score reports for tests taken before September 1 cost $37 per test date per report (including a non-refundable $24 archived scores fee). Priority Reports Priority reports are typically processed within two working days after ACT, Inc. gets your request, and are delivered three to four business days later. Keep in mind that you can only send priority reports to locations within the US. Also, note that colleges that only receive reports electronically might not view priority reports any faster than they would regular ones. Priority reports for tests taken after September 1, 2015, cost $16.50 per test date per report, while priority reports for tests takenbefore September 1 cost $40.50 per test date per report (again, this includes a $24 archived scores fee). ACT Score Report Ordering Options Now that you know what types of ACT score reports you can order, how do you actually go about ordering them? You have a few options when it comes to ordering old ACT scores. Online You can make an online request for score reports through your ACT web account (which you can create if you don't have one). Note that you must pay by valid credit card. By Mail To order ACT score reports by mail, send a letter of request to ACT, Inc. at the following address: ACT Customer Care- Score Reports PO Box 451 Iowa City, IA 52243-0451 USA Your letter must include all the following information: Your full name Your fullname at the time you registered for or took the ACT (if different) Your current mailing address Your home address at the time you registered for or took the ACT (if different) Your ACT ID number Your date of birth Your phone number Test date (month and year) for which you want scores reported (include test location if you tested more than once in the same month) Valid codes and names (with city and state) for the colleges and/or scholarship agencies to which you want to send your scores Be sure to specify whether you want regular or priority reports,and include your payment in the form of check or money order payable to ACT, Inc. By Phone This service is only for priority reports, and you must pay with a valid credit card. There is also an additional $15 fee for each score report request made by phone. To send ACT priority reports via phone, call ACT, Inc. at 319-337-1270. Try to write down all the information listed above so you can everything ready when you call. Can You Compare ACT Scores From Different Years? A specific ACT composite score should roughly reflect the same percentile score and skill level from year to year. For example, a composite score of 35 today should be equivalent to a 35 in 1995. Below is a chart showing ACT percentiles over the past six testing years: Year 99th %ile 75th %ile 50th %ile 25th %ile 1st %ile 2017 34-36 24 20 16 1-11 2016 34-36 24 20 16 1-10 2015 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2014 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2013 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2012 33-36 24 20 17 1-11 *Note that some scores are estimates if the exact percentile was unavailable. As you can see, the score you need on the ACT in order to get in a certain percentile hasn't changed much in recent years.You still need around a 33-36 to get in the 99th percentile, and around 24 to get in the 75th percentile. There are some fluctuations, but these are all extremely small. What this means is that you can easily compare scores from different testing years without issue. For example, if you took the ACT in 2017 and your older brother took it in 2012, you don't have to do any complicated conversions to compare your scores- you can just look at whatever ACT percentile chart is available and use that as a reference. For more information on old ACT scores and percentiles, check out our guides to scores from 2011 to 2017and scores from 2008 to 2010. You might not be able to compare apples with oranges, but you can compare old ACT scores with current ones. What's Next? For more tips, read this article onsending ACT scores to colleges. Also, learn about ACT college codes and school codes for score reports. Curious about what a good ACT score is? Check out our guide to how to set an ACT goal score. If you're aiming for a top score, you'll definitely want to learn how to score a perfect 36. Finally, take a look at this post to learn who uses ACT scores. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Harold Lasswell's theory of the socialization Essay

Harold Lasswell's theory of the socialization - Essay Example This is why even the best of governments are known as necessary evils. The difference between the society and the government is that the society has unlimited wants whereas the government is a source of the so called ‘wickedness’. For instance, Friedrich Engels attacked the state by stating that the important fact about the state on religion is that it puts the anxiety of mankind before itself. Often, it has been said that only those who are corrupted seek power. Political affairs are a much variegated web of many vices and virtues along with a small possibility of truth and false hood of every shape interwoven (Lasswell 8). Moreover, politicians and statesmen are compared to men who are skillful in juggling and making all kinds of incantations and tricks of all kinds. With this kind of men it is very difficult to escape their influence. In spite of all the evil associated with power, not everything about power is a symbol of evil. Power can be used for worthy purposes by the good and the strong. Not all those with power work for strange and cunning occults arts to gain power and keep it. As for those who believe that power is evil, the sometimes agree that not all who use power are evildoers. On the contrary, some men in power have been named as the heroes of mankind, great men in history, liberators, founders of nations and even statesmen (Lasswell 9). From this perspective, power, personality and government are judged favorably. Recent expansions and discoveries in the psychological, social and medical science have added to the knowledge of power and those who seek power. From a social political objective, there is instrumentation of democratic values. The connection between power and personality can be associated with service of human dignity. According to Lasswell, power is an interpersonal situation; those who hold power are empowered (10). As long as those in power give

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Essay

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Kuwait - Essay Example That was the direct origin of the restaurant which is a French present participle of the word ‘’restorer’’. Therefore, ‘’restaurant’’ meant, a place where people went to restore their energy and vigor and feel refueled with food. Therefore, the first restaurant which has the same concept of the modern restaurant where people sit side to side of a table and order for food from a menu and wait to be served, was started in Paris in 1782 by one Antoine Beeauvilliers who was an entrepreneur and a chef and one time cookbook writer. It is a fact without any doubt that restaurants are big business in the United States. Looking at the information from the National Restaurant Association in their Restaurant Industry Pocket Factbook of 2010, US had a total of 945,000 eating establishments which employed a total of 12.7 million workers. This accounted for a total of 9 per cent of work force in the US and was expected to produce up to $580 billion in sales in 2011 (Fredric 2010). Currently, research shows it that Americans are dining away from home than it has ever happened where they take a total 4.8 of their total meals per week away from home. Most of the American restaurants create conditions that would encourage eating food rich in a lot of calories, salt, sugar and fat than the recommended amount in a single meal. You find that the normally regarded as good stuff such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are often not found on the American menu. The content of food at restaurants is one big problem. Though an analysis of 30, 923 menu items, taken from 245 restaurants chains, 96% of the meals served here do not meet the standards of the USDA nutritional guidelines. Far from serving extra-large potions and failing to offer vegetables, fruits and grains except for potatoes and most meals, most of the US restaurants cover the threat by adding limitless quantities of bread or chips as well as providing free refills of sodas (Deborah 2014). In

Academic Summary Essay Example for Free

Academic Summary Essay In the article, How unethical are you? , Banaji et al. (2003) investigate four factors that result in unethical decision taken by managers: Implicit forms of prejudice, bias that favours ones own group, a tendency to over claim credit, and conflict of interest. The authors believe that the implicit prejudice is an unconscious judgment which originates from unintentional tendency to create relationships in the past. The implicit bias brings about social and economic effects which may eliminate capable people from doing the right job. Another reason is a tendency that benefits members of a group. This happens when those in minority are treated differently and less supported by the larger group only because they are a small group. Unaware exaggeration of their own talents is another influencing factor in which individuals rate themselves highly competent and exaggerate ones own cooperation in the group. Wide ranging opinions is the next factor stated by the authors which can also distort coming to a fair decision. See more: Homeless satire essay A bias in which there is tendency toward people with the same or similar idea causes disagreements and lead to unintentional immoral attitudes. Banaji et. al claim that by putting the conscious mind into use and paying more careful attention, managers would be able to confine the power of their conscious mind. They propose collecting data, shaping the environment, and broadening the decision making as the three main solutions to formulate conscious techniques. Banaji et. al point out that one way to decrease unintentional tendency is gathering information and making organized decisions. Moreover, they believe that implicit tendencies can be created by key signs in the environment. In order to reshape the existing bias, the person can put himself in an opposite situation in which the typical bias is being doubted. Expanding decision-making is another solution proposed by the authors which is achieved by disregarding your own identity when making decisions that may benefit specific groups of people more than others. Finally the authors state that managers who believe that they are unbiased must question the hypothesis that they are objective.

Can Skepticism Be Defended, Perhaps In A Limited Form? Essay -- essays

Can Skepticism Be Defended, Perhaps In A Limited Form? 1. Introduction This essay centres around what it means to know something is true and also why it is important to distinguish between what you know and do not or can not know. The sceptic in challenging the possibility of knowing anything challenges the basis on which all epistemology is based. It is from this attack on epistemology that the defence of scepticism is seen. 2. Strong Scepticism Strong scepticism states that it is not possible to know anything. That is we cannot have absolute knowledge of anything. This can however immediately have the reflexive argument turned on it and have the question begged of it: â€Å"If it is not possible to know anything then how is it you know that nothing is knowable ?†. Strong Scepticism is therefore unable to be defended. 3. A Definition of Knowledge Knowledge can be said to be information that the brain has received that meets a certain set of criteria. When someone states that they know something they must also believe that, that something is so. If they did not believe in it then how could they take it in as knowledge ?, they would instead be doubtful of it and look for evidence or justification as to why they should believe it. Secondly for someone to believe in something they must also believe that it is true. If they did not believe that it was true then what is mentioned above would not occur. So, so far it is decided that knowledge should be true belief. How does one come to the conclusion that something is true however ?. We seek justification. The justification really is the most important part of the criteria because without it one cannot say something is true and therefore cannot say that one believes. This does however bring up the question of how does something become justified ?, do we hear it from other people ?, see it on the news ?. The justification of something really depends on its predictability. If something becomes predictable then it can becomes justified aswell. For example, I know that the sun will rise tomorrow is a fair thing to say because I believe this is so, I believe this is true, and I am justified in believing this due to my past experience* of the predictableness of the sun rising each day. The only problem with meeting the set of criteria laid out above is that one must use one senses to do so and as shall be shown ... ...Britain: Methuen & Co. Ltd. Dancy, Jonathon (1985), An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology, Great Britain: Basil Blackwell Ltd. Descartes, Rene (as translated by E.S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross) (1969), The Philosophical Works of Decartes vol. I - II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edwards, Paul (1965), The Logic of Moral Discourse, New York: The Free Press. Gorovitz, Williams (1967), Philosophical Analysis, An Introduction to Its Language & Techniques, New York: Random House. Guthrie, W. K. C. (1971), The Sophists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hamlyn, D. W. (1983), The Theory of Knowledge, London: Macmillan Press. Harris, Errol (1969), Fundamentals of Philosophy - A Study of Classical Texts, U.S.A.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Harrison, J. (1966-67). A Philosopher's Nightmare or The Ghost not Laid. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol LXVII. Hume, David (1962), A Treatise of Human Nature, Great Britain: Fontana Library. Presley, C. F. (1967), The Identity Theory of Mind, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press. van Inwagen, P. and Lowe E. (1996) . Why Is There Anything At All?. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol LXX.

Social Issue

Juvenile compensated dating and ways to tackle it It has recently arouse to the public’s attention that the issue of juvenile Enjo kosai, in English means juvenile compensated dating, has been worsening in Hong Kong. According to the survey reports conducted by The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong (FPAHK) in 2011 and the Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers and Therapists (HKASERT) in 2009, 23% of school girls accepted compensated dating behavior with almost 24% among them accepted compensated dating with sexual transection; and nearly 5% of school girls had engaged in this immoral activity.School girls involving compensated dating may easily fall victim to both physical harm as well as mental illness. In order to alleviate this worrisome situation, people might propose prohibiting this immoral activity by legislation. However, it is not an entirely effective way to put an end on this issue. Rather, we have to combat with its root causes, girls inv olved in compensated dating since they have inadequate sexual knowledge, they are being materialist and they are lack of care and love.These problems can be tackled by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a â€Å"Values of Life† topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school social workers. First, school girls involved in compensated dating because they have inadequate sexual knowledge. FPAHK’s Youth Sexuality Study (2011) revealed 67% and 19% girl respondents believe that external ejaculation is an effective contraception method and the number of sexual partners is not related to the chance of infecting sexually transmitted diseases respectively.School girls were lack of knowledge about the seriousness and the adverse effects of inappropriate sexual relationships. Both physical harm and emotional problem will inevitably result. They might get pregnant accidentally and they might suffer in venereal diseases, like AIDS and HIV, which are incura ble. Besides, they might lose faith in relationship and having impaired feeling of self-esteem. Consequently, they might suffer in mental illness like depression, or even suicidal thought. Their ignorance of sex knowledge led them to underestimate the vigilance of improper sexual relationship, as a result, they involved in compensated dating.Another root cause of compensated dating is school girls are being materialist. They desire for materials and money in order to show off to others or make others think highly of them. In their mind, the importance of money and materials transcend morality, dignity and chastity. The HKASERT’s survey of compensated dating (2009) indicated that 87% girl respondents involved in compensated dating to earn money to enable high consumption (for example, to purchase well-known brand handbags). School girls pursue for materialistic satisfaction, their greed for money and luxury gifts led them think these are much precious than their body and digni ty.Thus, school girls involved in compensated dating for supporting their conspicuous consumption. Apart from school girls’ ignorance and desire, lack of care and love also make a lead to their participation in compensated dating. They were lack of parental love due to various reasons like their parents had long working hours or even need to work abroad. The HKASERT’s survey report indicated that 43% girl respondents engaged in this immoral activity to look for the feeling of being loved while a huge partial among them were grown in single-parent or broken families.They might engage in compensated dating because of their pathetic background. So instead of blaming them for engaging in this immoral behavior unwisely, tackling this worrisome issue by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a â€Å"Values of Life† topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school social workers are much more rational actions before the situation deteriorate. To c ombat compensated dating, most schools arrange some related talks. These talks might help to alert students about the seriousness of this improper activity shortly.In long-term, introducing a compulsory Sex Education Subject in primary schools and secondary schools could help to strengthen sex education among juveniles in Hong Kong. Sex Education has much more pressing needs than the national education. It could awaken school girls the seriousness and the adverse effect and improper sex relationship and strengthen their vigilance. However, sex education might result in the issue of compensated dating being more rampant as school girls access to relevant nowledge about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and contraception methods. Another way to prevent compensated dating is to develop a right value among girls. They engaged in compensated dating out of avarice. Create a new topic about Values of Life in Liberal Studies could help them to build up a right values of life, dignity and chastity should take precedence over money and materials, teach them to cherish their precious bodies. Spiritual wealth is much important than material wealth. They need not compare with others or follow the trend.However, it is hard to refuse following trends with friend under peer pressure or they might isolate by their friends. Besides, arrange more group activities or hiking trips so that they could feel the spiritual happiness from friends and the nature. Nevertheless, there might not be enough time for such time consuming activities. Often, girls engaged in compensated dating were grown in single-parent or broken families, they were lack of parental love and care; therefore, deploying additional social worker at school to care the need of those girls would be an effective approach.Social workers could express solicitude by chatting and communicating with them regularly in order to give girls feeling of being cared and love. Social worker could provide professional counseling support when they seek for assistance. It is worth though it would directly increase schools’ financial expenses. The above solution could help alleviating the worrisome situation of compensated dating. The most important way to tackle this issue is not by tough measures like forcing them to stop this immoral activity, this is just a palliatives way.Instead, by soft approach, strengthen their sex knowledge, building real values of life and showing care and love to them could help to alleviate the issue of compensated dating when they were conscious of the seriousness of this immoral behavior. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Compensated dating: Men (male) give  money  and/or luxury gifts to women (female) for their companionship and, possibly, for sexual favors. (Wikipedia) [ 2 ]. Conspicuous consumption:  the spending of  money  for and the acquiring of  luxu ry goods  and services to publicly display economic power. (Wikipedia)

Investigatory Project Mosquito Repellent

I. IntroductionA. Background of the StudyMosquitoes are common pests in the tropics they have been known to cause many disease to most people. The real danger of mosquito lie their ability to transmit diseases like yellow fever, malaria, and dengue people have used various instruments control the mosquito problem in homes. The most commonly used chemical insecticides sprays. Most of these can destroy mosquitoes but they can also do serious damage to humans as well. So the researchers decide to make a new change into our lives researchers prefer a natural insecticide in is not only affordable but it is also a health caring not like in chemical it is toxic and it is not environmental friendly in this case our planet earth undergoes a global warming so instead using a chemicals we used a natural ones.B. Significance of the ProjectIt can prevent and use to kill mosquitoes in our house or anywhere it also prevent the insect borne disease like malaria, yellow fever, dengue and many more it is not hazard into our health because its ingredients is finely arranged to make this project in a good phase it has good basis to use for likewise chemical repellent is not good for our health because of the chemicals, chemical is toxic to our health. And it is environment friendly not like the chemical ones not only our health is affected when we use a chemical insect repellent but also our dear mother Earth its chemical release cfc gases (ChloroFluoroCarbon) that traps the heat in our planet and causes global warming.C. Statement of the ProblemIs a natural mosquito repellent as effective and safer to use, commercial mosquito repellents found in markets? Can it be used in long ranges?D. HypothesisThe natural mosquito repellent is more safe and effective than the commercial repellent found in markets because it doesn’t contain chemicals.E. Objectives1. To have an alternative for a chemical insecticides.2. To kill mosquitoes and to prevent diseases coming from mosquitoes tha t results in death.3. To protect your family in the real danger of mosquito like malaria and dengue.F. Scope and LimitationsThis product is not to be used in wide area because it cannot kill all mosquitoes for only one time spraying and of course it is not like the chemical ones in a trial it can kills some of those and the delimitations is it not harmful in our environment because it is an environmental friendly and it cannot affect our health because it is made up of natural ingredients made up of nature product so that it is not harmful.G. Definition of TermsMalaria- an intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite which invades the red blood cells and is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions. Mosquito- a slender long-legged fly with aquatic larvae. The bite of the bloodsucking female can transmit a number of serious diseases including malaria and elephantiasis. Dengue- a debilitating viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosq uitoes, and causing sudden fever and acute pains in the joints. Insecticides- a substance used for killing insects.Chemicals- a distinct compound or substance, especially one which has been artificially prepared or purified. Toxic- substance means any chemical or mixture that may be harmful to the environment and to human health if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. Organic- Any member of a  large class of chemical compounds whose molecules compound carbon.II. Review of Related LiteratureA. Related LiteratureAccording to blogspot.com , an insect repellent is a substance applied to skin or clothing, other substance it may be in solid form or in liquid form which discourages insects from landing or climbing on that surface. Insect repellent help prevent and control the outbreak of insect borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and other diseases. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include the insects flea fly and mosquito. Mosquito es have complex methods of detecting hosts and different types of mosquitoes react to different stimuli.Most mosquitoes are active at dawn and dusk but there are also mosquitoes that seek hosts during the day. You can avoid being bitten by making sure you aren’t attracting mosquitoes, using attractants to lure mosquitoes else where, using a repellent, and avoiding actions that diminish the effectiveness of the repellent. It has been claimed that it can be used as a home remedy to help speed recovery from throat or other minor ailments because of it antibiotic properties. Treatment, health benefits & side effects with Science Investigatory Project Review Related Literature About Mosquito Repellent products.Many of the sources come from our Encyclopedia of Natural Health and include relevant health topics. Uses vary, but may include Fighting Bacterial and Viral Infections, and Boost Mental Focus Utilizing Phospholipids and are non-FDA reviewed or approved, natural alternatives, to use for Chemotherapy, and Weakened Immune System. Science Investigatory Project Review Related Literature About Mosquito Repellent products are reviewed below.

Chapter 6

In the selection I have chosen Chapter 6 of Life in the Universe; The Evolution of Life on Earth begins with the theories of Darwin and natural selection and how survival of the fittest was one of the main theories of evolution of life of an organism. Although it is a good theory, and has been tested through years it is not one of the main priorities of evolution. There was a reason of an outside force that forced the funas to extinction, not because it was unable to adapt to an environment. Also the past of origin goes too far back and is so complicated that there is no sure way to point a certain time or place in the history of our origin, unlike the work of nature. For example Homo sapiens come to be through neural complexity. Human arose from thousands of events happening in time that altered our past in a dramatic way. In order to understand the drastic changes we have to understand not just the principals of evolution but to understand the theory and life styles o! Complex creatures dont mean that it has a better chance of survival and evolving into something better. Yet the simplest form of creation like bacteria still rule all with the enormous amount occupying the earth. Still the more complex we are doesnt mean we have a better chance of survival. More complex animals like dinosaurs have already been extinct, so that tells us a great deal about evolving or surviving in the future. Bacteria occupy a wider range of space on earth and are an indestructible type of organism. Humans and other type of complex organisms have to worry about their extinction while bacteria on the other hand have a low chance of getting wiped out. Even as they are simple organisms they also have the same chance as we do to evolve without the tough struggle. Comparing the two it shows that complexity was not good or favored issue in evolution. Complexity is probably a bias made by us for the reason of our b

A Timeline of the War of 1812

A Timeline of the War of 1812 The War of 1812 officially began on June 18, 1812 when America declared war against the British. Known as Mr. Madisons War or The Second American Revolution, the war would last for over two years. It officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. Following is a timeline of the major events that led to declaring war along with the events of the war itself.   Timeline of the War of 1812 1803-1812 - British impress approximately 10,000 Americans, forcing them to work on British ships.July 23, 1805 - British decide in Essex case that American traders who travel between neutral and enemy ports will allow for the seizing many commercial ships.January 25, 1806 - James Madison delivers report concerning British interference and impressment of sailors causing anti-British feelings to arise.August 1806 - American minister James Monroe and envoy William Pinkney are unable to resolve the major problems between the British and Americans concerning commercial shipping and impressment.1806 - The British blockade France; American ships are caught in the middle, and the British seize approximately 1,000 US ships.March 1807 - Thomas Jefferson receives the Monroe-Pinkney treaty but does not submit it to Congress because it represents a dismal failure for the Americans.June 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake is fired on by the British ship Leopard after refusing to be boarded. This creates an international incident. December 1807 - Thomas Jefferson attempts peaceful coercion of the British with his embargo, but it results in economic disaster for merchants.1811 - Battle of Tippecanoe - Tecumsehs brother (the Prophet) leads attack on William Henry Harrisons army of 1,000 men.June 18, 1812 - America declares war against the British. This war is known as Mr. Madisons War or The Second American Revolution.August 16, 1812 - the U.S. loses Ft. Mackinac as the British invade American territory.1812 - Three attempts are made by the U.S. to invade Canada. They all end in failure.1812 - The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) defeats the HMS Guerriere.January 1813 - Battle of Frenchtown. British and Indian allies repel Kentucky troops in bloody fighting. The American survivors are killed in the Raisin River Massacre.April 1813 - Battle of York (Toronto). US troops take control of Great Lakes and burn York.September 1813 - Battle of Lake Erie. US forces under Captain Perry defeat a British naval attack. October 1813 - Battle of Thames (Ontario, Canada). Tecumseh is killed in a US victory.March 27, 1814 - Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Mississippi Territory). Andrew Jackson defeats the Creek Indians.1814 - The British plan a 3-part invasion of US: Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, the mouth of Mississippi River. The British are eventually turned back at Baltimore harbor.  August 24-25, 1814 - The British burn Washington, D.C. and Madison flees the White House.September 1814 - Battle of Plattsburgh (Lake Champlain). The US secures its northern border with a huge victory over a larger British force.December 15, 1814 - The Hartford Convention occurs. A group of Federalists discuss secession and propose seven amendments to protect the influence of Northeastern states.December 24, 1814 - Treaty of Ghent. The British and American diplomats agree to return to the status quo from before the war.January 1815 - Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson scores a huge victory and paves the way to the Wh ite House. 700 British are killed, 1,400 are wounded. The US only loses 8 soldiers.

Organization and Management of a Health Care Facility Research Paper

Organization and Management of a Health Care Facility - Research Paper Example Under the chief of operating officer and the chief of financial officer is their various administrative staff that is considered the subordinates in the health care facility and the lowest in the organizational structure. Under the chief of medical staff is various departmental heads in charge of the different health related departments. They include the head of surgery, head of trauma, head of palliative care and head of pediatrics. Under each of these departmental heads are the staffs which include the nurses and physicians (Daniels and Ramey, 2005). The Chief Executive Officer is the hospital head in charge of all the staff in the hospital. He is also the administrative head who liaises with various chief heads to find the way forward for the health care facility. He receives advice from the rest of the chiefs and heads of departments and then makes the final decisions. He also gives authorization of budgets, people to hire and fire as well as other types of authorizations. He is the chair of the disciplinary committee which is composed of all chiefs and heads of departments (Garber, Gross and Slonim, 2010). The chief information management officer is in charge of the staffing issues in the hospital. His role is similar to that of a human resource manager and legal officer all combined in one concerned with all staffing affairs from hiring to firing and other staffing issues that may arise in the health care facility. He is also in charge of tracking of the professional certificates, tracking and handling any legal issue in the facility as well as provides monthly reports to the chief executive officer on the general functioning of the hospital (Dewan, Luo and Lorenzi, 2010). The chief financial officer is in charge of all the financial details and records in the health care facility starting from budgets, preparing and disbursing salaries and wages, handling payments from patients and purchase of